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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum teleportation for keyless cryptography

Abhishek Parakh

Published May 21, 2015• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper looks at using quantum teleportation for secure message exchange. Although the proposed protocol has parallels with Ekert’s protocol for key distribution, we look at the issue of directly teleporting message bits instead of encryption keys. Further, it is the first protocol of it’s type where the role of the sender and receiver are flipped around. In other words, unlike traditional protocols, in the proposed protocol the receiver first performs certain measurements thus implicitly determining a stream of bits that she combines with the bit stream received from the sender to determine the secret message. There are no qubits wasted in random measurements.

DOI
10.1117/12.2177509

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This paper looks at using quantum teleportation for secure message exchange. Although the proposed protocol has parallels with Ekert’s protocol for key distribution, we look at the issue of directly teleporting message bits instead of encryption keys. Further, it is the first protocol of it’s type where the role of the sender and receiver are flipped around. In other words, unlike traditional protocols, in the proposed protocol the receiver first performs certain measurements thus implicitly determining a stream of bits that she combines with the bit stream received from the sender to determine the secret message. There are no qubits wasted in random measurements.
Abstract In this study, we propose an encrypted quantum teleportation broadcast scheme using a 6-qubit entangled channel and an encrypted quantum teleportation scheme with a controller via a 7-qubit entangled channel. The quantum state of Alice, to be transmitted, is first encrypted into two distinct states that satisfy certain conditions. As the main sender, Alice designates two agents to transmit encrypted states to two receivers. She shares a 6-qubit entangled state with each party and provides the receivers with a 1-bit classical information containing the chosen encryption. After the agents perform measurements on the corresponding orthogonal bases and send the results to the receivers, each receiver can reconstruct the original state sent by Alice. To enhance security for the receivers, the scheme introduces Alice as a controller. The receivers can reconstruct the original state only if Alice performs a measurement and shares her measurement outcome. The use of encryption ensures that even if an agent’s qubit is intercepted, the actual state remains secure. Alice, as the controller, can also terminate the transmission if a security threat is detected or she change her mind to finish the transmission. The teleportation performance depends on how the qubit is encrypted. For a specific input state used as an example, the protocol obtained a teleportation success probability of 0.9608.
We present a scheme for quantum secure direct communication with quantum encryption following some ideas in the Zhang-Li-Guo quantum key distribution scheme [Phys. Rev. A \\textbf{64}, 024302 (2001)]. Instead of the bilateral rotation operations before each round of the transmission, the two parties of communication perform a single-particle measurement on some samples chosen randomly from the quantum key, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs shared, with the two measuring bases sigmaz\\sigma_zsigmaz​ and sigmax\\sigma_xsigmax​. The quantum key can be used repeatedly for transmitting a secret message securely. Each of the travelling particles can carry one bit of message which can be read out directly by the receiver.
This paper proposes a novel distributed data encryption scheme leveraging the principles of quantum teleportation. Traditional distributed data encryption methods often lack robust security measures, rendering them vulnerable to various attacks. This proposed system utilizes entangled states and quantum teleportation to securely transmit encryption keys between distributed nodes. Instead of directly transmitting sensitive data, the information is encoded and teleported, significantly enhancing the overall security of the data. The core claim of this work is that the use of quantum teleportation provides a more secure encryption mechanism compared to conventional approaches. The system's mechanism relies on establishing entanglement between nodes and employing teleportation protocols to facilitate key exchange. This approach avoids direct data transmission, a critical vulnerability in many existing schemes. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated through a theoretical framework, highlighting its potential to address the security concerns present in current distributed data encryption technologies. The core mechanism is to utilize entanglement to securely transmit keys, and the novelty lies in the shift from direct data transmission to teleportation-based key exchange.
We present a controlled quantum teleportation protocol. In the protocol, quantum information of an unknown state of a 2-level particle is faithfully transmitted from a sender Alice to a remote receiver Bob via an initially shared triplet of entangled particles under the control of the supervisor Charlie. The distributed entangled particles shared by Alice, Bob and Charlie function as a quantum information channel for faithful transmission. We also propose a controlled and secure direct communication scheme by means of this teleportation. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, Alice encodes the secret message directly on a sequence of particle states and transmits them to Bob supervised by Charlie using this controlled quantum teleportation. Bob can read out the encoded message directly by the measurement on his qubit. In this scheme, the controlled quantum teleportation transmits Alice's message without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. Because there is not a transmission of the qubit carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel, it is completely secure for controlled and direct secret communication if perfect quantum channel is used. The special feature of this scheme is that the communication between two sides depends on the agreement of a third side to co-operate.
We survey a number of results concerning transmission of quantum information secretly. First of all, we present the basic concepts of quantum information and the rules guiding it. Then we consider quantum teleportation which is the quantum equivalent of the classical one-time-pad, showing the possibility of transmission of perfectly secret quantum messages as long as the users have exchanged a (quantum) secret key before end of a special Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type. Then we consider quantum cryptography, a technique used to secretly exchange a cryptographic key using the uncertainty principle to determine the amount of tempering on the communication. We unveil a technique known as entanglement purification that publicly allows amplification of the privacy of a random secret key. Combined with quantum cryptography this technique allows users to exchange EPR particles publicly and purify them after tempering of an adversary in order to transmit secret information through teleportation. Finally, the quantum equivalent of Shamir's secret sharing is presented.
Quantum cryptography is based on quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication.It allows two parties to produce a shared random bit string known only to them.These random bits can be used as a key to encrypt and decrypt messages.The most important and unique property of quantum cryptography is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key.It is based on fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics.By using quantum entanglement or quantum super positions and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented which detects eavesdropping.Quantum cryptography is used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data.This key along with certain encryption algorithm, is used to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel.This paper concentrates on comparison between classical and quantum cryptography as well as survey on various quantum key distribution protocols used to generate and distribute the key among communicating parties.