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Some Results on Hyperscaling in the 3d Ising Model

George Allen Baker Jr., Naoki Kawashima

Published Sep 1, 1995• 0 citations

Abstract

The authors review exact studies on finite-sized 2 dimensional Ising models and show that the point for an infinite-sized model at the critical temperature is a point of nonuniform approach in the temperature-size plane. They also illuminate some strong effects of finite-size on quantities which do not diverge at the critical point. They then review Monte Carlo studies for 3 dimensional Ising models of various sizes (L = 2--100) at various temperatures. From these results they find that the data for the renormalized coupling constant collapses nicely when plotted against the correlation length, determined in a system of edge length L, divided by L. They also find that {zeta}{sub L}/L {ge} 0.26 is definitely too large for reliable studies of the critical value, g*, of the renormalized coupling constant. They have reasonable evidence that {zeta}{sub L}/L {approx} 0.1 is adequate for results that are within one percent of those for the infinite system size. On this basis, they have conducted a series of Monte Carlo calculations with this condition imposed. These calculations were made practical by the development of improved estimators for use in the Swendsen-Wang cluster method. The authors found from these results, coupled with a reversed limit computation (size increases with the temperature fixed at the critical temperature), that g* > 0, although there may well be a sharp downward drop in g as the critical temperature is approached in accord with the predictions of series analysis. The results support the validity of hyperscaling in the 3 dimensional Ising model.

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arXiv:cond-mat/9601048•International Journal of Modern Physics C•Jun 1, 1996•38 citations

The authors review exact studies on finite-sized 2 dimensional Ising models and show that the point for an infinite-sized model at the critical temperature is a point of nonuniform approach in the temperature-size plane. They also illuminate some strong effects of finite-size on quantities which do not diverge at the critical point. They then review Monte Carlo studies for 3 dimensional Ising models of various sizes (L = 2--100) at various temperatures. From these results they find that the data for the renormalized coupling constant collapses nicely when plotted against the correlation length, determined in a system of edge length L, divided by L. They also find that {zeta}{sub L}/L {ge} 0.26 is definitely too large for reliable studies of the critical value, g*, of the renormalized coupling constant. They have reasonable evidence that {zeta}{sub L}/L {approx} 0.1 is adequate for results that are within one percent of those for the infinite system size. On this basis, they have conducted a series of Monte Carlo calculations with this condition imposed. These calculations were made practical by the development of improved estimators for use in the Swendsen-Wang cluster method. The authors found from these results, coupled with a reversed limit computation (size increases with the temperature fixed at the critical temperature), that g* > 0, although there may well be a sharp downward drop in g as the critical temperature is approached in accord with the predictions of series analysis. The results support the validity of hyperscaling in the 3 dimensional Ising model.

Abstract For systems above the marginal dimension d*, where mean field theory starts to become valid, such as Ising models in d = 5 for which d* = 4, hyperscaling is invalid and hence it was suggested that finite size scaling is not ruled by the correlation length ξ (∝ |t| −1/2 in Landau theory, t being the distance from the critical point) but by a “thermodynamic length” l (∝ |t| −2/d). Early simulation work by Binder et al. using nearest neighbor hypercubic L5 lattices with L ⩽ 7 yielded some evidence for this prediction, but the renormalized coupling constant gL = −3 + 〈M4〉/〈M2〉2 at Tc was gL ≈ −1.0 instead of the prediction of Brézin and Zinn‐Justin, gL(Tc) = −3 + Γ4(1/4)/(8 π2) ≈ −0.812. In the present work, we try to shed light on this controversy obtaining much more precise Monte Carlo data using multihistogram techniques and lattices as large as L = 17 (i.e., 1419857 Ising spins). While our value of Tc agrees nicely with recent high temperature series work (KBTc/J ≈ 8.7774 ± 0.0035), the coupling at Tc {gL(Tc) ≈ −0.958 ± 0.050} confirms the work for small lattices and disagrees with the analytical prediction. Hence the data are better consistent with a shift of the effective critical temperature Tc(L) ‐ Tc(∝) ∝ L−d/2 rather than with L−(d−2) according to the analytical theory. If the latter behavior is correct, it can hence be seen for extremely large systems only.

Monte Carlo calculations of the renormalized coupling constant for the three-dimensional Ising model are reported. Improved estimators both for the second partial of the susceptibility with respect to the magnetic field and for the correlation length are developed. These estimators show greatly improved convergence properties, and allow us to compute for system sizes and temperature rather more relevant to the thermodynamic limit than previously. Our results indicate strongly that hyperscaling holds for this model.

We have undertaken a large-scale computer simulation of the 3d Ising model using the Monte Carlo Renormalization Group (MCRG) method. Our calculation improves on past calculations in three ways. Firstly, larger lattices are used -- we have run on 128{sup 3} as well as 64{sup 3}. Secondly, many more spin operators -- 53 even and 46 odd -- are measured. Lastly, we have incorporated more efficient ways of spin update -- Wolff's single-cluster variant of the Swendsen and Wang algorithm. In addition to calculating the critical temperature the thermal and magnetic exponents, and improving the estimate of the correction-to-scaling exponent, we are aiming to verify the presence of redundant operators. We do not yet have sufficient statistics to give final results so here we describe our calculation and present preliminary results which demonstrate that we have control over both finite size effects and systematic errors arising from truncation. 16 refs., 7 figs.

We present a status report on the ongoing analysis of the 3D Ising model with nearest-neighbor interactions using the Monte Carlo Renormalization Group (MCRG) and finite size scaling (FSS) methods on 643, 1283, and 2563 simple cubic lattices. Our MCRG estimates are [Formula: see text] and ν = 0.625(1). The FSS results for Kc are consistent with those from MCRG but the value of ν is not. Our best estimate η = 0.025(6) covers the spread in the MCRG and FSS values. A surprise of our calculation is the estimate ω ≈ 0.7 for the correction-to-scaling exponent. We also present results for the renormalized coupling gR along the MCRG flow and argue that the data support the validity of hyperscaling for the 3D Ising model.