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Chinese Physics Letters

Archimedean-Spiral-Based Microchip Ring Waveguide for Cold Atoms

Xiaojun Jiang, Xiaolin Li, Xinping Xu, Haichao Zhang, Yuzhu Wang

Published Feb 1, 2015• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a scheme for generating a ring magnetic waveguide on a single-layer atom chip. The wire layout consists of two interleaved Archimedean spirals of the same size. The waveguide avoids the trapping perturbation caused by the input and output ports, resulting in an enclosed guiding loop for neutral atoms in weak-field seeking states. Such a configuration can create a tight and deep trap potential with a small current. Taking the |F = 2, m F = 2〉 state of 87 Rb as an example, the trap frequency and depth are estimated to be 18 kHz and 335 μK, respectively, with a dc current of 2 A.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/32/2/020301

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We describe a method to create a circular magnetic waveguide for deBroglie waves on a microchip. The guide is a two-dimensional magnetic minimum for trapping weak-field seeking states of atoms or molecules with a magnetic dipole moment. It is created completely by electric currents in wires that are lithographically patterned on a multi-level chip. We describe the geometry and time-dependent currents of the wires and show that it is possible to wrap the waveguide in a complete circle with minimal perturbations due to the leads or wire crossings. This maximal area geometry is suited for rotation sensing with atom interferometry via the Sagnac effect using either cold thermal atoms and molecules or Bose-condensed systems.
We describe the design and function of a circular magnetic waveguide produced from wires on a microchip for atom interferometry using de Broglie waves. The guide is a two-dimensional magnetic minimum for trapping weak-field seeking states of atoms or molecules with a magnetic dipole moment. The design consists of seven circular wires sharing a common radius. We describe the design, the time-dependent currents of the wires and show that it is possible to form a circular waveguide with adjustable height and gradient while minimizing perturbation resulting from leads or wire crossings. This maximal area geometry is suited for rotation sensing with atom interferometry via the Sagnac effect using either cold atoms, molecules and Bose-condensed systems.
A new scheme to create a closed toroidal magnetic waveguide for deBroglie wave on a single layer atom chip is proposed and there is no zero magnetic field along the guide center. The guide is a two-dimensional magnetic trap for trapping weak-field seeking states of atoms with a magnetic dipole moment. The designed wire structure on the atom chip consists of three concentric and isometric ring wires, and six vertical current leads of the three ring wires. By using the through silicon via technology, the current leads can be made perpendicular to the atom chip surface instead of being generally arranged side by side on the chip surface. Compared with the general wiring way, the vertical lead way has two advantages. One is that each ring wire gap caused by the current leads is substantially smaller than the distance between the ring wires, which permits the generation of a closed toroidal magnetic guide near the atom chip surface when dc currents are supplied to the three ring wires. The other is that the distance between two leads of each ring wire is considerably reduced, resulting in the fact that the magnetic perturbation of the leads to the whole toroidal magnetic guide is negligible. We numerically calculate the magnetic field distribution generated by our wire layout when dc currents are applied, and it is shown that a closed and tight toroidal magnetic guide is formed near the atom chip surface. However, there are zero magnetic fields existing along the center of the toroidal guide, which leads to Majorana spin flips from trapped magnetic substate to an un-trapped magnetic sub-state. According to the time-orbiting-potential principle, we propose an ac current modulation method, which is simple and stable, to reduce the atom losses and suppress the atomic decoherence in the toroidal magnetic guide. We deduce the ac current expressions for the case of three isometric infinite straight wires and apply the ac modulation current expressions directly to our three ring wire structure. The numerical calculation results show that the closed toroidal guide does no longer have zero magnetic fields near the magnetic field minimum, and that the magnetic field fluctuation of the guide is smaller. Based on the vertical leads and ac current modulation, the closed toroidal wave guide with no zero magnetic field along the guide center can be generated near the atom chip surface. This scheme has important scientific significance and engineering value for developing the cold atomic chip gyroscope.
We propose two kinds of wire configurations fabricated on an atom chip surface for creating two-dimensional (2D) adiabatic rf guide with an inhomogeneous rf magnetic field and a homogenous dc magnetic field. The guiding state can be selected by changing the detuning between the frequency of rf magnetic field and the resonance frequency of two Zeeman sublevels. We also discuss the optimization of loading efficiency and the trap depth and how to decide proper construction when designing an rf atom chip.