Aiming at the contradiction between the uncertainty principle and the law of causality, this paper proves that the evolution of all systems is a causal model rather than a probability model. The introduction of observers is equivalent to increasing the dimensionality of the system, so the observation results of the high-dimensional coupled system cannot be used to predict the original low-dimensional system. Even if some systems in the quantum world cannot make long-term predictions, they can still achieve short-term predictions through the Lyapunov index.In addition, this article explains the wave-particle duality, thinking that the particles themselves are actually in the form of energy storage gyroscopes. The high-speed spin of the particle itself produces fluctuations in the energy of the neighboring universe, and at this time the observer's observation intervention affects the observed particle and its environmental energy fluctuations. Furthermore, this article believes that the description of the uncertainty principle is a subset of the initial sensitivity of the manifold in the chaotic state. The definition of the uncertainty principle itself does not exist, and is not rigorous.
Aiming at the contradiction between the uncertainty principle and the law of causality, this paper proves that the evolution of all systems is a causal model rather than a probability model. The introduction of observers is equivalent to increasing the dimensionality of the system, so the observation results of the high-dimensional coupled system cannot be used to predict the original low-dimensional system. Even if some systems in the quantum world cannot make long-term predictions, they can still achieve short-term predictions through the Lyapunov index.In addition, this article explains the wave-particle duality, thinking that the particles themselves are actually in the form of energy storage gyroscopes. The high-speed spin of the particle itself produces fluctuations in the energy of the neighboring universe, and at this time the observer's observation intervention affects the observed particle and its environmental energy fluctuations. Furthermore, this article believes that the description of the uncertainty principle is a subset of the initial sensitivity of the manifold in the chaotic state. The definition of the uncertainty principle itself does not exist, and is not rigorous.
The true dynamical randomness is obtained as a natural fundamental property of deterministic quantum systems. It provides quantum chaos passing to the classical dynamical chaos under the ordinary semiclassical transition, which extends the correspondence principle to chaotic systems. In return one should accept the modified form of quantum formalism (presented by the Schroedinger equation) which, however, does not contradict the ordinary form and the main postulates of quantum mechanics. It introduces the principle of the fundamental dynamic multivaluedness (redundance) extending the quantum paradigm to complex dynamical behaviour. Moreover, a causal solution to the well-known problems of the foundation of quantum mechanics, those of quantum indeterminacy and wave reduction, is also found using the same method. The concept of the fundamental dynamic uncertainty thus established is universal in character and provides a unified scheme of the complete description of arbitrary complex system of any origin (physics/9806002). This scheme incorporates, in particular, universal definitions of complexity, (non)integrability, and general solution, as well as the physically complete notion of probability. One obtains thus a self-consistent hierarchic picture of the world characterised by a (high) non-zero complexity and containing the intrinsic causal randomness, where the causally extended quantum mechanics can be consistently interpreted as several lowest levels of complexity (quant-ph/990215,16).
This article aims to reveal the truth behind the formation of de Broglie waves and clarify the mysterious assumptions such as wave-particle duality and probability waves, which people are familiar with but do not understand the reasons behind.On the towering tree of physics, the branch concerning the interpretation of de Broglie waves has grown crooked!This article intends to sprout new buds at this node to promote the progress and prosperity of physics!Based on the electric field force that electrons experience in a cathode ray tube and the continuity equation of electrons, under assumptions such as the non-elastic approximation, this article proves that wave-particle duality is actually the macroscopic movement of microscopic particles in the form of waves.Theoretically, it is demonstrated that the transverse component of the electron's velocity in the tube satisfies a nonlinear inhomogeneous wave equation.The equations of this type should describe a complex system: under certain parameters, the system may be extremely sensitive to initial conditions, showing chaotic characteristics, and its output is extremely complex and difficult to predict over the long term.This is the uncertainty in quantum mechanics!The conclusion of this article indicates that this is a new form of wave, that is, the form of waves not only includes the propagation of vibrations but also the macroscopic movement of microscopic particles in the form of waves.Therefore, this wave can transport material particles from one end to the other in the form of waves!Moreover, this article discusses a single electron, so even if the electrons are emitted one by one, their wave characteristics can still be observed on the screen!From the discussion in this article, it can be seen that there are still some problems with the movement of electrons in the cathode ray tube that need to be solved in order to further explore the special movement laws of electrons in the cathode ray tube from both theoretical and experimental aspects.At the same time, it is hoped that the theory in this article can provide theoretical guidance for the manufacture and debugging of electron microscopes and the design of large-scale integrated circuits, thereby influencing other related How to cite this paper: Chen, Y.C.
The relationship between chaos and quantum mechanics has been somewhat uneasy--even stormy, in the minds of some people. However, much of the confusion may stem from inappropriate comparisons using formal analyses. In contrast, our starting point here is that a complete dynamical description requires a full understanding of the evolution of measured systems, necessary to explain actual experimental results. This is of course true, both classically and quantum mechanically. Because the evolution of the physical state is now conditioned on measurement results, the dynamics of such systems is intrinsically nonlinear even at the level of distribution functions. Due to this feature, the physically more complete treatment reveals the existence of dynamical regimes--such as chaos--that have no direct counterpart in the linear (unobserved) case. Moreover, this treatment allows for understanding how an effective classical behavior can result from the dynamics of an observed quantum system, both at the level of trajectories as well as distribution functions. Finally, we have the striking prediction that time-series from measured quantum systems can be chaotic far from the classical regime, with Lyapunov exponents differing from their classical values. These predictions can be tested in next-generation experiments.
The intrinsic multivaluedness of interaction process, revealed in Part I of this series of papers, is interpreted as the origin of the true dynamical (in particular, quantum) chaos. The latter is causally deduced as unceasing series of transitions, dynamically probabilistic by their origin, between the equally real, but incompatible 'realisations' (modes of interaction) of a system. The obtained set of realisations form the causally derived, intrinsically complete "space of events" providing the crucial extension of the notion of probability and the method of its first-principle calculation. The fundamental dynamic uncertainty thus revealed is specified for Hamiltonian quantum systems and applied to quantum chaos description in periodically perturbed systems. The ordinary semiclassical transition in our quantum-mechanical results leads to exact reproduction of the main features of chaotic behaviour of the system known from classical mechanics, which permits one to "re-establish" the correspondence principle for chaotic systems (inevitably lost in any their conventional, single-valued description). The causal dynamical randomness in the extended quantum mechanics is not restricted, however, to semiclassical conditions and generically occurs also in essentially quantum regimes, even though partial "quantum suppression of chaos" does exist and is specified in our description, as well as other particular types of the quantum (truly) chaotic behaviour.
In order to describe my findings/conclusions systematically, a new semantic system (i.e., a new language) has to be intentionally defined by the present article. Humans are limited in what they know by the technical limitation of their cortical language network. The conventionally-called “physical/objective reality” around my conventionally-called “physical/objective body” is actually a geometric mathematical model (being generated/mathematically-modeled by my brain) – it's actually a subset/component/part/element of my brain’s mind/consciousness. A reality is a situation model (SM). Our universe is an autonomous objective parallel computing automaton (aka state machine) which evolves by itself automatically/unintentionally – wave-particle duality and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle can be explained under this SM of my brain. Each elementary particle (as a building block of our universe) is an autonomous mathematical entity itself (i.e., a thing in itself). Our universe has the same nature as a Game of Life system – both are autonomous objective parallel-computing automata. If we are happy to accept randomness, then it is obviously possible that all other worlds in the many-worlds interpretation do not exist objectively. The conventionally-called “space” does not exist objectively. “Time” and “matter” are not physical. Consciousness is the subjective-form (aka quale) of the mathematical models (of the objective universe) which are intracorporeally/subjectively used by the control logic of a Turing machine’s program directly-fatedly. A Turing machine’s consciousness or deliberate decisions/choices should not be able to actually/objectively change/control/drive the (autonomous or directly-fated) worldline of any elementary particle within this world. Besides the Schrodinger equation (or another mathematical equation/function which is yet to be discovered) which is a valid/correct/factual causality of our universe, every other causality (of our universe) is either invalid/incorrect/counterfactual or can be proved by deductive inference based on the Schrodinger equation (or the aforementioned yet-to-be-discovered mathematical equation/function) only. Consciousness plays no causal role (“epiphenomenalism”), or in other words, any cognitive/behavioural activity can in principle be carried out without consciousness (“conscious inessentialism”). If the “loop quantum gravity” theory is correct, then time/space does not actually/objectively exist in the objective-evolution of the objective universe, or in other words, we should not use the subjective/mental concept of “time”, “state” or “space” to describe/imagine the objective-evolution of our universe.