Interpretable Machine Learning for the Thermodynamic Phases in 2D XY Model

Detecting the topological Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition in the prototypical 2D XY model using unsupervised machine learning methods has long been a challenging problem due to the lack of suitable order parameters. To address this issue, we begin with a conventional real-valued RBM (RBM-xy), which uses exponential conditional probabilities to generate visible units. We then develop a novel real-valued RBM (RBM-CosSin) featuring nonlinear cos/sin activation, whose visible units follow the von Mises distribution. Our findings reveal that RBM-CosSin effectively learns the underlying Boltzmann distribution of 2D XY systems and generate authentic XY configurations that accurately capture both thermodynamics and topological order (vortex). Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to extract phase transition information, including the KT transition, from the weight matrices without relying on prior physics knowledge.Detecting the topological Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition in the prototypical 2D XY model using unsupervised machine learning methods has long been a challenging problem due to the lack of suitable order parameters. To address this issue, we begin with a conventional real-valued RBM (RBM-xy), which uses exponential conditional probabilities to generate visible units. We then develop a novel real-valued RBM (RBM-CosSin) featuring nonlinear cos/sin activation, whose visible units follow the von Mises distribution. Our findings reveal that RBM-CosSin effectively learns the underlying Boltzmann distribution of 2D XY systems and generate authentic XY configurations that accurately capture both thermodynamics and topological order (vortex). Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to extract phase transition information, including the KT transition, from the weight matrices without relying on prior physics knowledge.

arXiv:2409.20377Sep 30, 20240 citations

Learning thermodynamics and topological order of the two-dimensional XY model with generative real-valued restricted Boltzmann machines

Kai Zhang

Detecting the topological Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition in the prototypical two-dimensional (2D) XY model using unsupervised machine learning methods has long been a challenging problem due to the lack of suitable order parameters. To address this issue, we begin with a conventional real-valued restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) (RBM-xy), which uses exponential conditional probabilities to generate visible units. We then develop a novel real-valued RBM (RBM-CosSin) featuring nonlinear $cos/sin$ activation, whose visible units follow the von Mises distribution. Our findings reveal that RBM-CosSin effectively learns the underlying Boltzmann distribution of 2D XY systems and generates authentic XY configurations that accurately capture both thermodynamics and topological order (vortex). Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to extract phase transition information, including the KT transition, from the weight matrices without relying on prior physics knowledge.Detecting the topological Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition in the prototypical two-dimensional (2D) XY model using unsupervised machine learning methods has long been a challenging problem due to the lack of suitable order parameters. To address this issue, we begin with a conventional real-valued restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) (RBM-xy), which uses exponential conditional probabilities to generate visible units. We then develop a novel real-valued RBM (RBM-CosSin) featuring nonlinear $cos/sin$ activation, whose visible units follow the von Mises distribution. Our findings reveal that RBM-CosSin effectively learns the underlying Boltzmann distribution of 2D XY systems and generates authentic XY configurations that accurately capture both thermodynamics and topological order (vortex). Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to extract phase transition information, including the KT transition, from the weight matrices without relying on prior physics knowledge.

Physical review. B./Physical review. BJan 23, 20252 citations

cos/sin

activation, whose visible units follow the von Mises distribution. Our findings reveal that RBM-CosSin effectively learns the underlying Boltzmann distribution of 2D XY systems and generates authentic XY configurations that accurately capture both thermodynamics and topological order (vortex). Furthermore, we demonstrate that it is possible to extract phase transition information, including the KT transition, from the weight matrices without relying on prior physics knowledge.