Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review Applied

Photon Conversion and Interaction in a Quasi-Phase-Matched Microresonator

Jia‐Yang Chen, Zhan Li, Zhaohui Ma, Chao Tang, Heng Fan, Yong Meng Sua, Yu‐Ping Huang

Published Dec 1, 2021• 32 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The conversion and interaction between quantum signals at the single-photon level are essential for scalable quantum photonic information technology. Using a fully optimized periodically poled lithium niobate microring, we demonstrate ultraefficient sum-frequency generation on a chip. The external quantum efficiency reaches $(65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3)\mathrm{%}$ with only $(104\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4)$-$\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{W}$ pump power. At peak conversion, $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$-noise photon is created during the cavity lifetime, which meets the requirement of quantum applications using single-photon pulses. Using a pump and signal in single-photon coherent states, we directly measure the conversion probability produced by a single pump photon to be ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$, which is a significant improvement from the state of the art, and the photon-photon coupling strength to be 9.1 MHz. Our results mark steady progress toward quantum nonlinear optics at the ultimate single-photon limit, with potential applications in highly integrated photonics and quantum optical computing.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.16.064004

Related papers

Photon Conversion and Interaction on Chip

Jia‐Yang Chen, Zhan Li, Zhaohui Ma +4 more

Abstract The conversion and interaction between quantum signals at a single-photon level are essential for scalable quantum photonic information technology. Using a fully-optimized, periodically-poled lithium niobate microring, we demonstrate ultra-efficient sum-frequency generation on chip. The external quantum efficiency reaches (65±3)% with only (104±4) uW pump power, improving the state-of-the-art by over one order of magnitude. At the peak conversion, 3×10-5 noise photon is created during the cavity lifetime, which meets the requirement of quantum applications using single-photon pulses. Using pump and signal in single-photon coherent states, we directly measure the conversion probability produced by a single pump photon to be 10-5---breaking the record by 100 times---and the photon-photon coupling strength to be 9.1 MHz. Our results mark a new milestone toward quantum nonlinear optics at the ultimate single photon limit, creating new background in highly integrated photonics and quantum optical computing.

arXiv:2105.00275•Apr 28, 2021•6 citations

Highly efficient and pure few-photon source on chip

Zhaohui Ma, Jia‐Yang Chen, Malvika Garikapati +4 more

We report on multiphoton statistics of correlated twin beams produced in a periodic poled microring resonator on thin-film lithium niobate. Owing to high-cavity confinement and near-perfect quasi-phase-matching, the photon pairs are produced efficiently in single modes at rates reaching 27 MHz per $\text{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{W}$ pump power. By using a pump laser whose pulse-width impedance matches with the cavity, those photons are further created in single longitudinal modes with purity reaching 99%, without relying on later-on filtering. With a dual-channel photon-number-resolving detection system, we obtain directly the joint detection probabilities of multiphoton states up to three photons, with high coincidence to accidental contrast for each. Used as a single-photon source, it gives heralded ${g}_{H}^{(2)}(0)$ around 0.04 at a single-photon rate of 650 kHz on chip. The findings of our research highlight the potential of this nanophotonic platform as a promising platform for generating nonclassical, few-photon states with ideal indistinguishability, for fundamental quantum optics studies and information applications.

Physical Review Applied•Oct 12, 2023•13 citations

Parametric All-Optical Modulation on Chip

Zhan Li, Jia‐Yang Chen, Zhaohui Ma +3 more

We demonstrate parametric all-optical modulation in a periodically-poled lithium niobate microring resonator on chip. It employs quantum Zeno blockade between two distinct waves, a signal and a pump, through their sum-frequency generation at a large per-photon efficiency of 8.2 MHz. With nanosecond pump pulses at 6 mW peak power, 85.7% modulation extinction is observed, marking over 30~times efficiency improvement across various previous implementations. With only 2 mW pump peak power, 43.0% modulation extinction is observed for a doubly-stronger signal at 4 mW. This demonstrates, for the first time, that optical transistors with cascadability and fan-out are possible with just parametric nonlinear optics. These results, together with inherent advantages in such photonic integrated circuits, open the door to scalable technology for all-optical and quantum information processing.

arXiv:2402.10367•Feb 15, 2024•0 citations

Ultrabright Quantum Photon Sources on Chip

Zhaohui Ma, Jia‐Yang Chen, Zhan Li +4 more

Quantum photon sources of high rate, brightness, and purity are increasingly desirable as quantum information systems are quickly scaled up and applied to many fields. Using a periodically poled lithium niobate microresonator on chip, we demonstrate photon-pair generation at high rates of 8.5 and 36.3 MHz using only 3.4 and 13.4 μW pump power, respectively, marking orders of magnitude improvement over the state of the art, across all material platforms. These results constitute the first direct measurement of the device's giant single photon nonlinearity. The measured coincidence to accidental ratio is well above 100 at those high rates and reaches 14682±4427 at a lower pump power. The same chip enables heralded single-photon generation at tens of megahertz rates, each with low autocorrelation g_{H}^{(2)}(0)=0.008 and 0.097 for the microwatt pumps, which marks a new milestone. Such distinct performance, facilitated by the chip device's noiseless and giant optical nonlinearity, will contribute to the forthcoming pervasive adoption of quantum optical information technologies.

arXiv:2010.04242•Physical Review Letters•Dec 22, 2020•190 citations

Quantum squeezing in an all-resonant periodically poled lithium niobate microresonator

Xinyi Ren, Reshma Kopparapu, Tushar Sanjay Karnik +12 more

Quantum noise limits the sensitivity of optical measurements, but squeezed states of light enable quantum-enhanced metrology, sensing, and information processing. Most on-chip squeezed-light sources rely on Kerr ($χ^{(3)}$) nonlinearities, remain limited by pump power and excess loss constraints. Quadratic ($χ^{(2)}$) platforms instead provide stronger parametric interactions, lower pump power requirements, and greater spectral engineering flexibility. Here, we demonstrate strong, broadband squeezed-light generation on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonic chip using a dual-resonant optical parametric amplifier implemented in a single periodically poled LN (PPLN) microresonator. Near-full-depth domain inversion is achieved simultaneously with highly over-coupled resonances, exhibiting escape efficiencies exceeding 90% and intrinsic quality factors above 2.5 million in a 0.6 mm$^2$ X-cut TF-PPLN resonator, enabling efficient squeezing at 1587 nm when pumped at 793.5 nm. Operating in the continuous-wave regime, we directly measure -0.81 dB of squeezing below the shot-noise limit with a pump power of 27 mW, together with +4.29 dB of anti-squeezing. From these measurements, we infer an on-chip squeezing level of -7.52 dB $\pm$ 0.22 dB (95% confidence interval: [-7.96,-7.10] dB), and an on-chip anti-squeezing level of +9.62 dB $\pm$ 0.25 dB. We demonstrate single-mode squeezing at degeneracy with a squeezed-light spectrum exceeding 10.3 THz. This work reports the highest squeezing ratio among integrated $χ^{(2)}$ cavity platforms and the first quasi-phase matched, fully resonant $χ^{(2)}$ cavity squeezer on chip, establishing a scalable route to fully integrated power-efficient squeezed-light sources for quantum-enhanced sensing and metrology.

physics.opticsCross-listedarXiv:2602.22693•Feb 27, 2026•1 citation

A Highly Efficient and Pure Few-Photon Source on Chip

Zhaohui Ma, Jia‐Yang Chen, Malvika Garikapati +4 more

We report on multi-photon statistics of correlated twin beams produced in a periodic poled micro-ring resonator on thin-film lithium niobate. Owing to high cavity confinement and near perfect quasi-phase matching, the photons pairs are produced efficiently in single modes at rates reaching 27 MHz per $μ$W pump power. By using a pump laser whose pulse width impedance matches with the cavity, those photons are further created in single longitudinal modes with purity reaching 99\%, without relying on later-on filtering. With a dual-channel photon-number resolving detection system, we obtain directly the joint detection probabilities of multi-photon states up to three photons, with high coincidence to accidental contrast for each. Used as a single photon source, it gives heralded $g_H^{(2)}(0)$ around 0.04 at a single photon rate of 650 kHz on chip. The findings of our research highlight the potential of this nanophotonic platform as a promising platform for generating non-classical, few-photon states with ideal indistinguishability, for fundamental quantum optics studies and information applications.

arXiv:2309.15233•Sep 26, 2023•0 citations
The conversion and interaction between quantum signals at the single-photon level are essential for scalable quantum photonic information technology. Using a fully optimized periodically poled lithium niobate microring, we demonstrate ultraefficient sum-frequency generation on a chip. The external quantum efficiency reaches (65\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3)\mathrm{%} with only (104\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi4)(104\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4)(104\ifmmode±\else\textpm\fi4)-\ensuremathμW\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{W}\ensuremathμW pump power. At peak conversion, 3\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−53\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}3\ifmmode×\else\texttimes\fi10\ensuremath−5-noise photon is created during the cavity lifetime, which meets the requirement of quantum applications using single-photon pulses. Using a pump and signal in single-photon coherent states, we directly measure the conversion probability produced by a single pump photon to be 10\ensuremath−5{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}10\ensuremath−5, which is a significant improvement from the state of the art, and the photon-photon coupling strength to be 9.1 MHz. Our results mark steady progress toward quantum nonlinear optics at the ultimate single-photon limit, with potential applications in highly integrated photonics and quantum optical computing.
Abstract The conversion and interaction between quantum signals at a single-photon level are essential for scalable quantum photonic information technology. Using a fully-optimized, periodically-poled lithium niobate microring, we demonstrate ultra-efficient sum-frequency generation on chip. The external quantum efficiency reaches (65±3)% with only (104±4) uW pump power, improving the state-of-the-art by over one order of magnitude. At the peak conversion, 3×10-5 noise photon is created during the cavity lifetime, which meets the requirement of quantum applications using single-photon pulses. Using pump and signal in single-photon coherent states, we directly measure the conversion probability produced by a single pump photon to be 10-5---breaking the record by 100 times---and the photon-photon coupling strength to be 9.1 MHz. Our results mark a new milestone toward quantum nonlinear optics at the ultimate single photon limit, creating new background in highly integrated photonics and quantum optical computing.
We report on multiphoton statistics of correlated twin beams produced in a periodic poled microring resonator on thin-film lithium niobate. Owing to high-cavity confinement and near-perfect quasi-phase-matching, the photon pairs are produced efficiently in single modes at rates reaching 27 MHz per $\text{\ensuremath{\mu}}\mathrm{W}$ pump power. By using a pump laser whose pulse-width impedance matches with the cavity, those photons are further created in single longitudinal modes with purity reaching 99%, without relying on later-on filtering. With a dual-channel photon-number-resolving detection system, we obtain directly the joint detection probabilities of multiphoton states up to three photons, with high coincidence to accidental contrast for each. Used as a single-photon source, it gives heralded gH(2)(0){g}_{H}^{(2)}(0)gH(2)​(0) around 0.04 at a single-photon rate of 650 kHz on chip. The findings of our research highlight the potential of this nanophotonic platform as a promising platform for generating nonclassical, few-photon states with ideal indistinguishability, for fundamental quantum optics studies and information applications.
We demonstrate parametric all-optical modulation in a periodically-poled lithium niobate microring resonator on chip. It employs quantum Zeno blockade between two distinct waves, a signal and a pump, through their sum-frequency generation at a large per-photon efficiency of 8.2 MHz. With nanosecond pump pulses at 6 mW peak power, 85.7% modulation extinction is observed, marking over 30~times efficiency improvement across various previous implementations. With only 2 mW pump peak power, 43.0% modulation extinction is observed for a doubly-stronger signal at 4 mW. This demonstrates, for the first time, that optical transistors with cascadability and fan-out are possible with just parametric nonlinear optics. These results, together with inherent advantages in such photonic integrated circuits, open the door to scalable technology for all-optical and quantum information processing.
Quantum photon sources of high rate, brightness, and purity are increasingly desirable as quantum information systems are quickly scaled up and applied to many fields. Using a periodically poled lithium niobate microresonator on chip, we demonstrate photon-pair generation at high rates of 8.5 and 36.3 MHz using only 3.4 and 13.4 μW pump power, respectively, marking orders of magnitude improvement over the state of the art, across all material platforms. These results constitute the first direct measurement of the device's giant single photon nonlinearity. The measured coincidence to accidental ratio is well above 100 at those high rates and reaches 14682±4427 at a lower pump power. The same chip enables heralded single-photon generation at tens of megahertz rates, each with low autocorrelation g_{H}^{(2)}(0)=0.008 and 0.097 for the microwatt pumps, which marks a new milestone. Such distinct performance, facilitated by the chip device's noiseless and giant optical nonlinearity, will contribute to the forthcoming pervasive adoption of quantum optical information technologies.
Quantum noise limits the sensitivity of optical measurements, but squeezed states of light enable quantum-enhanced metrology, sensing, and information processing. Most on-chip squeezed-light sources rely on Kerr (χ(3)χ^{(3)}χ(3)) nonlinearities, remain limited by pump power and excess loss constraints. Quadratic (χ(2)χ^{(2)}χ(2)) platforms instead provide stronger parametric interactions, lower pump power requirements, and greater spectral engineering flexibility. Here, we demonstrate strong, broadband squeezed-light generation on a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonic chip using a dual-resonant optical parametric amplifier implemented in a single periodically poled LN (PPLN) microresonator. Near-full-depth domain inversion is achieved simultaneously with highly over-coupled resonances, exhibiting escape efficiencies exceeding 90% and intrinsic quality factors above 2.5 million in a 0.6 mm2^22 X-cut TF-PPLN resonator, enabling efficient squeezing at 1587 nm when pumped at 793.5 nm. Operating in the continuous-wave regime, we directly measure -0.81 dB of squeezing below the shot-noise limit with a pump power of 27 mW, together with +4.29 dB of anti-squeezing. From these measurements, we infer an on-chip squeezing level of -7.52 dB ±\pm± 0.22 dB (95% confidence interval: [-7.96,-7.10] dB), and an on-chip anti-squeezing level of +9.62 dB ±\pm± 0.25 dB. We demonstrate single-mode squeezing at degeneracy with a squeezed-light spectrum exceeding 10.3 THz. This work reports the highest squeezing ratio among integrated χ(2)χ^{(2)}χ(2) cavity platforms and the first quasi-phase matched, fully resonant χ(2)χ^{(2)}χ(2) cavity squeezer on chip, establishing a scalable route to fully integrated power-efficient squeezed-light sources for quantum-enhanced sensing and metrology.
We report on multi-photon statistics of correlated twin beams produced in a periodic poled micro-ring resonator on thin-film lithium niobate. Owing to high cavity confinement and near perfect quasi-phase matching, the photons pairs are produced efficiently in single modes at rates reaching 27 MHz per μμμW pump power. By using a pump laser whose pulse width impedance matches with the cavity, those photons are further created in single longitudinal modes with purity reaching 99\%, without relying on later-on filtering. With a dual-channel photon-number resolving detection system, we obtain directly the joint detection probabilities of multi-photon states up to three photons, with high coincidence to accidental contrast for each. Used as a single photon source, it gives heralded gH(2)(0)g_H^{(2)}(0)gH(2)​(0) around 0.04 at a single photon rate of 650 kHz on chip. The findings of our research highlight the potential of this nanophotonic platform as a promising platform for generating non-classical, few-photon states with ideal indistinguishability, for fundamental quantum optics studies and information applications.