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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Toward quantum information processing using EIT in diamond

Charles Santori, David A. Fattal, S. M. Spillane, Marco Fiorentino B, Raymond G. Beausoleil, W. J. Munro, Timothy P. Spiller, Andrew D. Greentree, P. Olivero, Martin Draganski, J. R. Rabeau, P. Reichart, Brant C. Gibson, Sergey Rubanov, Shane T. Huntington, David N. Jamieson, Steven Prawer

Published Jan 1, 2006• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We describe how a quantum non-demolition device based on electromagnetically-induced transparency in solidstate atom-like systems could be realized. Such a resource, requiring only weak optical nonlinearities, could potentially enable photonic quantum information processing (QIP) that is much more efficient than QIP based on linear optics alone. As an example, we show how a parity gate could be constructed. A particularly interesting physical system for constructing devices is the nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond, but the excited-state structure for this system is unclear in the existing literature. We include some of our latest spectroscopic results that indicate that the optical transitions are generally not spin-preserving, even at zero magnetic field, which allows the realization of a Λ-type system.

Related papers

Toward quantum information processing using EIT in diamond

Charles Santori, David A. Fattal, S. M. Spillane +14 more

We describe how a quantum non-demolition device based on electromagnetically-induced transparency in solidstate atom-like systems could be realized. Such a resource, requiring only weak optical nonlinearities, could potentially enable photonic quantum information processing (QIP) that is much more efficient than QIP based on linear optics alone. As an example, we show how a parity gate could be constructed. A particularly interesting physical system for constructing devices is the nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond, but the excited-state structure for this system is unclear in the existing literature. We include some of our latest spectroscopic results that indicate that the optical transitions are generally not spin-preserving, even at zero magnetic field, which allows the realization of a Λ-type system.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Feb 9, 2006•1 citation

Classical and quantum information processing with EIT

Raymond G. Beausoleil, S. D. Barrett, Pieter Kok +3 more

We review our work on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as a potentially key enabling science for few-qubit Quantum Information Technology (QIT). EIT systems capable of providing two-qubit phase shifts as large as pi are possible in a condensed matter system such as NV-diamond, but the potentially large residual absorption necessarily arising under this condition significantly reduces the fidelity of a nonlinear optical gate based on EIT. Instead, we emphasize that a universal set of quantum gates can be constructed using EIT systems that provide cumulative phase shifts (and residual absorptions) that are much smaller than unity. We describe a single-photon quantum nondemolition detector and a two-photon parity gate as basic elements of a nonlinear optical quantum information processing system.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Apr 4, 2005•1 citation

Toward Photon Storage in Optically Driven Color Centers in Diamond

M. Artoni, Jin‐Hui Wu, Giuseppe La Rocca

An ever increasing effort has been devoted over the years to develop techniques for manipulating light in optical devices. Electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) is one of these techniques that has recently led to an astonishing control on light wave propagation in ultracold clouds of alkali atoms. EIT may be employed to realize a photonic band gaps that are controllable through the parameters of an external standing light wave pattern [1]. Such gaseous approaches are not however suitable for on-chip implementation. Early work on control over photonic band-gap comprises, e.g., structures built from the periodic complex susceptibility of quantum well excitons whose optical properties can be dynamically modified through the Stark effect. Other interesting proposals to control photonic band-gaps in semiconductor heterostructures have been brought forward and where control over the band-gap is achieved through EIT in conduction intersubband transitions of a n-doped quantum well. EIT effects have also been observed in a class of solid materials exhibiting defect states, following either familiar or less familiar schemes, and among which presodimium doped Y2SiO5 and diamond containing nitrogen vacancies (N-V) color centers are perhaps the most ubiquitous ones. Color centers in diamond, in particular, have attracted over the past few years a renewed interest for their potential as single-photon sources and are attractive qubit candidates as they behaves a bit like an atom trapped in the diamond lattice. These centers can have extremely long-lived spin coherence because the diamond lattice is composed primarily of 12C, which has zero nuclear spin. In addition, N-V color centers also have interesting optical properties as they exhibit a configuration with two ground state levels connected to a common excited state by optical transitions of moderate strength leading to a lambda-type level configuration required for the observation of EIT [2,3]. This has been exploited to devise a novel photonic band-gap mechanism [4]. We here study the propagation of a very week optical pulse in the band-gap region of N-V diamond crystals. Our calculations show that adopting realistic parameters, as taken from recent experiments on coherent population trapping in N-V color centers, nearly complete reflectivities can be attained in a mm long diamond sample. This occurs when most probe frequency components lie inside the band-gap, yielding instead controllable loss and distortion as the incident probe pulse falls outside the gap. The relevant photonic band-gap may be all optically controlled while its well developed structure is seen to arise from the reduced values of residual absorption in the EIT region. [1] M. Artoni et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 073905 (2006). [2] C. Wei et al., Phys. Rev. A 60, 2540 (1999). [3] P. Hemmer, et al.,Opt. Lett. 26, 361 (2001). [4] Q.-Y. He, et al., Phys. Rev. B 73, 195124 (2006).

MRS Proceedings•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency in semiconductors

Hailin Wang

This final technical report summarizes research supported by ARO in two areas: electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) from electron spin coherence and cavity QED with nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond nanocrystals. We have developed three different schemes to realize EIT using electron spin coherence in semiconductor quantum wells. The three schemes include the use of V-type three-level systems via heavy hole excitonic transitions in an external magnetic field in the Voigt geometry, the use of V-type three-level systems via light hole excitonic transitions in a waveguide geometry and in the absence of an external magnetic field, and the use of a lamda-type three-level system in a mixed-type quantum well structure. We have achieved the breakthrough of realizing the strong coupling regime in cavity QED by coupling NV centers in diamond nanocrystals to whispering gallery modes in a deformed fused silica microsphere. In addition, our improved understanding on how electron spin coherence contributes to nonlinear optical processes in semiconductors has also led to the demonstration of a spin manipulation scheme that controls both the amplitude and phase of electron spin precessions.

•Jun 1, 2006•0 citations

Efficient optical quantum information processing

W. J. Munro, Kae Nemoto, T. P. Spiller +3 more

Abstract. Quantum information offers the promise of being able to perform certain communication and computation tasks that cannot be done with conventional information technology (IT). Optical Quantum Information Processing (QIP) holds particular appeal, since it offers the prospect of communicating and computing with the same type of qubit. Linear optical techniques have been shown to be scalable, but the corresponding quantum computing circuits need many auxiliary resources. Here we present an alternative approach to optical QIP, based on the use of weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities and homodyne measurements. We show how this approach provides the fundamental building blocks for highly efficient non-absorbing single photon number resolving detectors, two qubit parity detectors, Bell state measurements and finally near deterministic control-not (CNOT) gates. These are essential QIP devices.

•Jun 15, 2005•49 citations

Efficient optical quantum information processing

W J Munro, Kae Nemoto, T P Spiller +3 more

Quantum information offers the promise of being able to perform certain communication and computation tasks that cannot be done with conventional information technology (IT). Optical quantum information processing (QIP) holds particular appeal, since it offers the prospect of communicating and computing with the same type of qubit. Linear optical techniques have been shown to be scalable, but the corresponding quantum computing circuits need many auxiliary resources. Here we present an alternative approach to optical QIP, based on the use of weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities and homodyne measurements. We show how this approach provides the fundamental building blocks for highly efficient non-absorbing single photon number resolving detectors, two qubit parity detectors, Bell state measurements and finally near deterministic control-not (CNOT) gates. These are essential QIP devices.

arXiv:quant-ph/0506116•Journal of Optics B Quantum and Semiclassical Optics•Jun 30, 2005•55 citations
We describe how a quantum non-demolition device based on electromagnetically-induced transparency in solidstate atom-like systems could be realized. Such a resource, requiring only weak optical nonlinearities, could potentially enable photonic quantum information processing (QIP) that is much more efficient than QIP based on linear optics alone. As an example, we show how a parity gate could be constructed. A particularly interesting physical system for constructing devices is the nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond, but the excited-state structure for this system is unclear in the existing literature. We include some of our latest spectroscopic results that indicate that the optical transitions are generally not spin-preserving, even at zero magnetic field, which allows the realization of a Λ-type system.
We describe how a quantum non-demolition device based on electromagnetically-induced transparency in solidstate atom-like systems could be realized. Such a resource, requiring only weak optical nonlinearities, could potentially enable photonic quantum information processing (QIP) that is much more efficient than QIP based on linear optics alone. As an example, we show how a parity gate could be constructed. A particularly interesting physical system for constructing devices is the nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond, but the excited-state structure for this system is unclear in the existing literature. We include some of our latest spectroscopic results that indicate that the optical transitions are generally not spin-preserving, even at zero magnetic field, which allows the realization of a Λ-type system.
We review our work on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as a potentially key enabling science for few-qubit Quantum Information Technology (QIT). EIT systems capable of providing two-qubit phase shifts as large as pi are possible in a condensed matter system such as NV-diamond, but the potentially large residual absorption necessarily arising under this condition significantly reduces the fidelity of a nonlinear optical gate based on EIT. Instead, we emphasize that a universal set of quantum gates can be constructed using EIT systems that provide cumulative phase shifts (and residual absorptions) that are much smaller than unity. We describe a single-photon quantum nondemolition detector and a two-photon parity gate as basic elements of a nonlinear optical quantum information processing system.
An ever increasing effort has been devoted over the years to develop techniques for manipulating light in optical devices. Electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT) is one of these techniques that has recently led to an astonishing control on light wave propagation in ultracold clouds of alkali atoms. EIT may be employed to realize a photonic band gaps that are controllable through the parameters of an external standing light wave pattern [1]. Such gaseous approaches are not however suitable for on-chip implementation. Early work on control over photonic band-gap comprises, e.g., structures built from the periodic complex susceptibility of quantum well excitons whose optical properties can be dynamically modified through the Stark effect. Other interesting proposals to control photonic band-gaps in semiconductor heterostructures have been brought forward and where control over the band-gap is achieved through EIT in conduction intersubband transitions of a n-doped quantum well. EIT effects have also been observed in a class of solid materials exhibiting defect states, following either familiar or less familiar schemes, and among which presodimium doped Y2SiO5 and diamond containing nitrogen vacancies (N-V) color centers are perhaps the most ubiquitous ones. Color centers in diamond, in particular, have attracted over the past few years a renewed interest for their potential as single-photon sources and are attractive qubit candidates as they behaves a bit like an atom trapped in the diamond lattice. These centers can have extremely long-lived spin coherence because the diamond lattice is composed primarily of 12C, which has zero nuclear spin. In addition, N-V color centers also have interesting optical properties as they exhibit a configuration with two ground state levels connected to a common excited state by optical transitions of moderate strength leading to a lambda-type level configuration required for the observation of EIT [2,3]. This has been exploited to devise a novel photonic band-gap mechanism [4]. We here study the propagation of a very week optical pulse in the band-gap region of N-V diamond crystals. Our calculations show that adopting realistic parameters, as taken from recent experiments on coherent population trapping in N-V color centers, nearly complete reflectivities can be attained in a mm long diamond sample. This occurs when most probe frequency components lie inside the band-gap, yielding instead controllable loss and distortion as the incident probe pulse falls outside the gap. The relevant photonic band-gap may be all optically controlled while its well developed structure is seen to arise from the reduced values of residual absorption in the EIT region. [1] M. Artoni et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 073905 (2006). [2] C. Wei et al., Phys. Rev. A 60, 2540 (1999). [3] P. Hemmer, et al.,Opt. Lett. 26, 361 (2001). [4] Q.-Y. He, et al., Phys. Rev. B 73, 195124 (2006).
This final technical report summarizes research supported by ARO in two areas: electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) from electron spin coherence and cavity QED with nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond nanocrystals. We have developed three different schemes to realize EIT using electron spin coherence in semiconductor quantum wells. The three schemes include the use of V-type three-level systems via heavy hole excitonic transitions in an external magnetic field in the Voigt geometry, the use of V-type three-level systems via light hole excitonic transitions in a waveguide geometry and in the absence of an external magnetic field, and the use of a lamda-type three-level system in a mixed-type quantum well structure. We have achieved the breakthrough of realizing the strong coupling regime in cavity QED by coupling NV centers in diamond nanocrystals to whispering gallery modes in a deformed fused silica microsphere. In addition, our improved understanding on how electron spin coherence contributes to nonlinear optical processes in semiconductors has also led to the demonstration of a spin manipulation scheme that controls both the amplitude and phase of electron spin precessions.
Abstract. Quantum information offers the promise of being able to perform certain communication and computation tasks that cannot be done with conventional information technology (IT). Optical Quantum Information Processing (QIP) holds particular appeal, since it offers the prospect of communicating and computing with the same type of qubit. Linear optical techniques have been shown to be scalable, but the corresponding quantum computing circuits need many auxiliary resources. Here we present an alternative approach to optical QIP, based on the use of weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities and homodyne measurements. We show how this approach provides the fundamental building blocks for highly efficient non-absorbing single photon number resolving detectors, two qubit parity detectors, Bell state measurements and finally near deterministic control-not (CNOT) gates. These are essential QIP devices.
Quantum information offers the promise of being able to perform certain communication and computation tasks that cannot be done with conventional information technology (IT). Optical quantum information processing (QIP) holds particular appeal, since it offers the prospect of communicating and computing with the same type of qubit. Linear optical techniques have been shown to be scalable, but the corresponding quantum computing circuits need many auxiliary resources. Here we present an alternative approach to optical QIP, based on the use of weak cross-Kerr nonlinearities and homodyne measurements. We show how this approach provides the fundamental building blocks for highly efficient non-absorbing single photon number resolving detectors, two qubit parity detectors, Bell state measurements and finally near deterministic control-not (CNOT) gates. These are essential QIP devices.