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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Population transfer of sodium in a single analytical laser pulse

Zhenzhong 振忠 Ren 任

Published Nov 4, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The population transfer of sodium in a single analytical laser pulse was studied in three models: two-level sodium, three-level sodium and many-level sodium. The effect of a third state on a two-level system was studied by investigating a ladder three-level system. Two effects were found in the vicinity of the resonance frequency.

DOI
10.1088/1572-9494/ac3645

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Abstract The population transfer of sodium in a single analytical laser pulse was studied in three models: two-level sodium, three-level sodium and many-level sodium. The effect of a third state on a two-level system was studied by investigating a ladder three-level system. Two effects were found in the vicinity of the resonance frequency.
Enhanced population transfer from the lowest to the highest level in the three-state ladder 5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d of the rubidium atom by frequency-swept ultrashort laser pulses is observed if the frequency sweep first makes the pulse resonant with the 5s\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5p transition, and later with the 5p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d transition. With this ``intuitive'' scheme it is possible to achive complete population inversion via the intermediate level by two successive adiabatic passages. Complete inversion is also obtained by a ``counterintuitive'' direction of the frequency sweep, in which case population of the intermediate level during the pulse is strongly reduced.
The interactions of sub-cycle and single-cycle pulses with two- or three-level quantum systems are studied, respectively. For the two-level quantum system, two cases in which the carrier frequency of pulses is in resonance and far from resonance with the atom are analysed. The ultrafast complete population transfer can be obtained. The sub-cycle pulse with a far off-resonant carrier frequency is found to be more suitable for the population transfer. The relation between the area of pulses and population transfer is clarified in the sub-cycle and single-cycle domain. For the Lambda-type three-level quantum system, more than 90% of population transfer can be achieved from one level to another. The scheme is insensitive to the variation of the laser parameters such as the peak Rabi frequency and the carrier frequency for both two- and three-level quantum systems.
We present a theoretical and computational analysis of STIRAP and SEP population transfer in sodium vapor as measured by fluorescence emission imaged onto a spectrometer. Calculations include 1) a careful analysis of the fraction of measured fluorescence output over all spatial positions in the incident beams and due to experimental geometry, 2) calculations of an unexpectedly strong effect on the STIRAP transfer efficiency with beams detuned between the D1 and D2 Fraunhofer lines, 3) a study of the relative efficiency of STIRAP and SEP on resonance at the D1 and D2 transitions, 4) the effects of varying pulse parameters (such as spatial shape, energy, focus) on transfer efficiencies, and 5) explorations of population transfer in sodium as a function of the pump-Stokes energy landscape. The system states are calculated utilizing a Hamiltonian which includes fine and hyperfine structure (two nine-state and four five-state transitions) of the 3s, 3p and 5s levels in sodium. The findings are compared to experimental results obtained using a picosecond laser system with linewidth very near the transform-limit (±15%).
We present detailed experimental and theoretical results on population transfer with frequency-swept picosecond laser pulses. Here, we demonstrate that intense frequency-swept pulses, when applied in the adiabatic limit, lead to both more efficient and more selective excitation than do unmodulated laser pulses. The experimental work is performed on quasi-two-level systems (pentacene/p-terphenyl crystal and Na vapor), quasi-three-level systems (Na vapor), and on more complex multilevel systems (I2 vapor). We discuss the different characteristics of adiabatic population transfer in both few-level, and multilevel cases, and, in particular, present computer calculations to explore the effects of molecular rotations in multilevel adiabatic population transfer.
An experimental study of doubly resonant multiphoton ionization of Na has been carried out. Coherence effects, such as AC - Stark splitting and population trapping, have been manifested in different coupling schemes, i.e. ladder, lambda, vee configurations. These effects have been investigated in terms of their dependence on the laser intensity and resonance detuning, as well as the state of the laser polarization. The experimental results are qualitatively interpreted in terms of a few level system.