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Quantum Information Processing

Geometrical description of the dynamics of entangled two-qubit states under $$U(2) \times U(2)$$ local unitary operations

Brahim Amghar, Mohammed Daoud A

Published Nov 17, 2021• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-021-03341-4

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Geometrical description of the dynamics of entangled two-qubit states under U(2)×U(2)U(2) \times U(2)U(2)×U(2) local unitary operations
We refine recent local unitary entanglement classification for symmetric pure states of nnn qubits (that is, states invariant under permutations of qubits) using local unitary stabilizer subgroups and Majorana configurations. Stabilizer subgroups carry more entanglement distinguishing power than do the stabilizer subalgebras used in our previous work. We extend to mixed states recent results about local operations on pure symmetric states by showing that if two symmetric density operators are equivalent by a local unitary operation, then they are equivalent via a local unitary operation that is the {\em same} in each qubit. A geometric consequence, used in our entanglement classification, is that two symmetric pure states are local unitary equivalent if and only if their Majorana configurations can be interchanged by a rotation of the Bloch sphere.
We investigate the relation between local unitary symmetries and entanglement invariants of multi-qubit systems. The Hilbert space of such systems can be stratified in terms of states with different types of symmetry. We review the connection between this stratification and the ring of entanglement invariants and the corresponding geometric description in terms of algebraic varieties. On a stratum of a non-trivial symmetry group the invariants of the symmetry preserving operations gives a sufficient description of entanglement. Finding these invariants is often a simpler problem than finding the invariants of the local unitary group. The conditions, as given by the Luna–Richardson theorem, for when the ring of such invariants is isomorphic to the ring of local unitary invariants on the stratum are discussed. As an example we consider symmetry groups that can be diagonalized by local unitary operations and for which the group action on each qubit is non-trivial. On the stratum of such a symmetry the entanglement can be described in terms of a canonical form and the invariants of the symmetry preserving operations. This canonical form and the invariants are directly determined by the symmetry group. Further, we briefly discuss how some recently proposed entanglement classification schemes capture symmetry properties.