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Журнал прикладной спектроскопии

Запрещенные углы излучения квантовых антенн

I. A. Peshko

Published Oct 9, 2021• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A quantum antenna consisting of a set of two-level atoms situated on one straight line and prepared in different initial states is investigated. It is shown that if the initial state of a quantum antenna is a symmetric Dicke state, then for it a total suppression of radiation in definite directions is possible. Probability of simultaneous photon detections in these directions is equal to zero. This result is impossible for the pseudoclassical symmetric initial state of the antenna, which does not have quantum entanglement, and for such a state the probability of detecting a photon at any angle is always nonzero. The qualitative difference of the interference mechanism for the pseudo-classical and quantum antenna states is described.

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A quantum antenna consisting of a set of two-level atoms situated on one straight line and prepared in different initial states is investigated. It is shown that if the initial state of a quantum antenna is a symmetric Dicke state, then for it a total suppression of radiation in definite directions is possible. Probability of simultaneous photon detections in these directions is equal to zero. This result is impossible for the pseudoclassical symmetric initial state of the antenna, which does not have quantum entanglement, and for such a state the probability of detecting a photon at any angle is always nonzero. The qualitative difference of the interference mechanism for the pseudo-classical and quantum antenna states is described.
Quantum antennas can shape the spatial entanglement of emitted photons originating from specific initial non-Dicke entangled states of antenna emitters. In contrast to a classical antenna, a quantum antenna might not be affecting the amplitudes and intensities distribution of the field, but only shaping the second and higher order correlations. The shape and directivity of the correlations can be optimized using quantum state inference techniques. The character of the correlations can also be controlled by changing both the geometry and the initial state of the antenna. Positive and negative correlated twin-photons, as well as multi-photons entangled states can be produced from the same antenna for different initial states of the emitters. Our approach to antenna design can find applications in imaging and high-precision sensing, as well as in the development of an emitter-field interface for quantum information processing.
A quantum-dot array prepared in a timed Dicke state exhibits directional radiation asymmetry, which has often been interpreted as evidence of reciprocity breaking through quantum-state preparation. We show that this interpretation is incorrect: reciprocity concerns transmit-receive response, not necessarily pattern symmetry. Moreover, the first-order coherence of any single-excitation state is exactly equivalent to the power pattern of a classical phased array driven by conjugate weights, making the observed asymmetry classically reproducible. The genuine quantum signature instead appears in second-order correlations, where a single-excitation state violates the classical lower bound on photon coincidences. We therefore propose a quantum-antenna certificate combining nonzero directional asymmetry with photon antibunching at the beam peak. We further derive a tight asymmetry bound, establish the correct mirror operation for planar arrays, correct the collective decay rate with dipole-dipole coupling, and derive a saturation law for direction-finding precision. All theoretical results are validated through independent numerical implementations.
We calculate the radiative characteristics of emission from a system of entangled atoms which can have a relative distance larger than the emission wavelength. We develop a quantum multipath interference approach which explains both super- and subradiance though the entangled states have zero dipole moment. We derive a formula for the radiated intensity in terms of different interfering pathways. We further show how the interferences lead to directional emission from atoms prepared in symmetric WWW states. As a byproduct of our work we show how Dicke's classic result can be understood in terms of interfering pathways. In contrast to the previous works on ensembles of atoms, we focus on finite numbers of atoms prepared in well characterized states.
A quantum antenna can shape spatial entanglement of emitted photons originating from entangled states of antennas emitters. In contrast to the classical antenna, the quantum antenna can shape the second and higher order correlations without affecting amplitudes of the field. The shape and directivity of the correlations can be optimized using techniques of quantum state inference. Positive and negative correlated twin-photon, and multi-photon entangled states can be produced from the same antenna for different initial states of emitters.