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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Quantum beats of the coherent radiation emitted by atoms in a magnetic field

Aleksey I. Alekseev, Ashat M. Basharov, V N Beloborodov

Published Apr 1, 1983• 0 citations
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The quantum beats of the coherent radiation of atoms in a magnetic field

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We represent two groups of excited atoms which radiate at slightly different frequencies by means of a pair of inverted harmonic oscillators coupled to the radiation field. The radiation emitted spontaneously by these oscillators is amplified exponentially and the field generated by each exerts a strong dynamical influence on the other. For the regime in which the amplification rate is large compared to the frequency difference of the uncoupled oscillators, the indirect coupling via the field tends to lock the two systems in phase so that they radiate in unison. When the amplification rate is small compared to the frequency difference, however, each oscillator undergoes, in addition to its own spontaneous oscillation, a partially coherent oscillation forced at the frequency of the other oscillator. These mutually induced oscillations give rise to intensity beats in the radiated field. Such beats have predetermined phases which are independent of the random initial phases of the oscillator amplitudes. The beats can be present and detectable in statistical terms even before a single photon has been emitted on the average.
When a diatomic molecule is photodissociated on a singlet molecular potential energy surface to give two singlet atoms, one of which is electronically excited, the atoms are left in pure angular momentum states referred to the molecular quantization axis. Transformation of such pure states to a laboratory frame of reference gives atomic wave functions that are described as coherent superpositions of states. Application of an external magnetic field to an ensemble of excited atoms causes quantum beats, or, alternately, a Hanle effect to appear in the fluorescence emitted by the atoms. Calculations show that the interference effects are observed only for certain geometrical arrangements of the electric vector of the photodissociating radiation, the external field, and the polarization direction accepted by the fluorescence detector. The expressions for the fluorescence intensity show that the phase and modulation depth of the quantum beat can be used to determine the asymmetry parameter for recoil of the photofragments.