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Quantum Information Processing

Combining quantum key distribution with chaotic systems for free-space optical communications

Naveed Mahmud, Andrew MacGillivray, Apurva Rai, Jenna Patterson, Adam Gharaibeh, Esam El‐Araby, Harry C. Shaw, Lavida Cooper

Published Oct 26, 2021• 5 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-021-03299-3

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Living the revolution: Quantum key distribution over free-space channels offers a multitude of different application scenarios---provided it can be combined with conventional communication systems. This study presents a miniaturized sender module with all necessary optics fitting in the palm of a hand, and enabling quantum key exchange with a tracking receiver. Such rugged sender optics can facilitate many other use cases, e.g. by combining it with a free-space optical system in an urban area, or by using it aboard a microsatellite for global key exchange.
We devoted to analyzing information transfer in quantum channels in terms of the performance of quantum key distribution (QKD) free-space optical (FSO) communication systems through Bennett and Brassard 84 (BB84) protocol by taking into account the combined effect of attenuation, turbulence, pointing error, and angle of arrival (AOA) fluctuations. Path loss is modeled by Beer-Lambert law, and the turbulent channel is assumed to be Fisher-Snedecor F distributed. The pointing error and AOA fluctuations are modeled by Hoyt and Rayleigh distributions, respectively. The error and sift probabilities, quantum bit error rate, and secret key rate of a QKD FSO system are obtained in analytical form, and results are presented depending on various parameters. It is shown that increased beam waist, beam deviation, AOA fluctuations, and propagation distance cause performance degradation and less secure information transmission. However, an increase in the ratio of horizontal and vertical beam misalignments, field of view, average photon number per pulse, visibility of the atmospheric environment, and optical beam wavelength impact the performance of QKD FSO systems positively. The effect of the turbulence structure constant is observed to be modest on the performance of the QKD FSO system.