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Acta Physica Sinica

State Preparation Error Tolerant Quantum Key Distribution Protocol Based on Heralded Single Photon Source

南京邮电大学量子信息处理实验室,, 南京邮电大学,, 南京邮电大学 ,

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

在实际量子密钥分发系统中，由于设备、器件存在缺陷，在量子态制备过程中往往存在误差，而这些态制备误差会导致一定的系统安全性漏洞。本文在Kiyoshi Tamaki等人的工作基础（Physical Review A, 90，052314 （2014））之上，提出了一种基于标记单光子源的态制备误差容忍量子密钥分发协议。本文将发送端制备态误差进行参数刻画并带入量子密钥协议安全性分析之中，避免了实际应用中由于态制备装置的不理想可能引入的安全性漏洞，提高了系统的安全性。同时，为了方便起见，本文采用三强度诱骗态方案开展建模分析与数值仿真计算。仿真结果显示，本文提出的协议对态制备误差具有很好的鲁棒性。同时，由于标记单光子源具有真空脉冲概率低的优点，与此前基于弱相干态脉冲的同类协议相比，我们的协议在传输距离较远时能够显示出更优的性能。因而，该工作有望为未来发展长距离量子保密通信应用与研究提供重要的参考价值。

DOI
10.7498/aps.70.20211456

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基于量子存储辅助的测量设备无关量子密钥分发（MDI-QKD）协议原理上能有效提升量子密钥分发系统的传输距离和密钥率，但现有三强度诱骗态方案受有限长效应影响严重，仍存在密钥率低、安全传输距离受限等问题。针对以上问题，本文提出了一种基于双参数扫描的量子存储辅助MDI-QKD协议，一方面，通过使用四强度诱骗态方法降低有限长效应的影响；另一方面，结合集体约束模型与双参数扫描算法来优化有限样本下的单光子计数率和相位误码率的估算精度，从而有效提升系统的整体性能。同时，本文开展了相关数值仿真计算，仿真结果显示，本方案与现有其他同类MDI-QKD方案，比如基于存储辅助的三强度诱骗态方案以及不使用存储的四强度诱骗态方案相比，在相同的实验条件下，分别提升了超过30公里和100公里的安全传输距离。因此，本文工作将为未来发展远距离量子通信网络提供重要的参考价值。
In practical quantum key distribution systems, there inevitably exist errors in the quantum state preparation process due to imperfections in realistic equipment and devices. Those errors would lead to some security loopholes in the quantum key distribution systems. According to the work of Tamaki et al. ( Phys. Rev. A 90 052314 ), here in this work we propose a state preparation error tolerant quantum key distribution protocol through using heralded single-photon sources. In this protocol, we characterize the size of the error in the preparation state of Alice and bring it into the security analysis, thereby avoiding possible security loopholes and improving the security of the system. Moreover, we take the three-intensity decoy-state method for example to introduce the method of constructing the model and estimating the parameters, and carry out corresponding numerical simulations. We make a comparison between the loss tolerant protocol with weak coherent source (WCS) and our present protocol using heralded single-photon source (HSPS). Simulation results show that under the same state preparation error, the key generation rate of the protocol based on WCS is higher than that of protocol based on HSPS at short transmission distances (e.g. less than 150 km). The main reason is that the detection efficiency of the local detector used in the latter scheme is low. However, in the case of long transmission distances (e.g. greater than 200 km), the key generation rate of scheme with WCS drops deeply, while the decline of the key generation rate of the present scheme is much flatter. As a result, the former can no longer generate keys after 211 km, while the latter can transmit a maximum distance of 228 km. Moreover, we also make a comparison between the present scheme and the GLLP protocol with HSPS. The simulation results show that the GLLP protocol with HSPS is very sensitive to the state preparation error and its key generation rate will rapidly decrease with the increase of the state preparation error. On the contrary, our present protocol shows almost no performance degradation under practical state preparation errors. It thus verify the robustness against the state preparation errors of our present work. In addition, in principle, the method can also be combined with the measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution protocol and the twin-field quantum key distribution protocol to further increase the secure communication transmission distance that the present system can reach. Therefore, this work may provide an important reference value for the practical application of long-distance quantum secure communication in the near future.
与宣布单个光子来源(HSPS ) 一起，一个 measurement-device-independent 量钥匙分发(MDIQKD ) 协议被建议，与一个三紧张的圈套状态方法结合了。HSPS 有二模式的特征，当信号模式，和其它是宣布了模式减少黑暗计数的影响被使用，一个模式被使用。收益的更低的界限和错误率的上面的界限被推出，有 HSPS 的 MDI-QKD 协议的表演被分析。模拟结果证明有 HSPS 的 MDI-QKD 协议能完成关键产生率和与单个光子来源(SPS ) 一起接近协议的理论限制的安全传播距离。而且，关键产生率将与发送者察觉效率的加薪改善。有 HSPS 的 MDI-QKD 协议的关键产生率是一些不到与在结束的弱协调来源(WCS ) 一起的 MDI-QKD 协议的变化，但是将在远范围超过后者。而且，更远的传播距离由于 HSPS 的二模式的特征被获得。