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Nanophotonics

Topological protection of continuous frequency entangled biphoton states

Zhen Jiang, Yizhou Ding, Chaoxiang Xi, Guangqiang He, Chun Jiang

Published Nov 1, 2021• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Topological quantum optics that manipulates the topological protection of quantum states has attracted special interests in recent years. Here we demonstrate valley photonic crystals implementing topologically protected transport of the continuous frequency entangled biphoton states. We numerically simulate the nonlinear four‐wave mixing interaction of topological valley kink states propagating along the interface between two valley photonic crystals. We theoretically clarify that the signal and idler photons generated from the four‐wave mixing interaction are continuous frequency entangled. The numerical simulation results imply that the entangled biphoton states are robust against the sharp bends and scattering, giving clear evidence of topological protection of entangled photon pairs. Our proposal paves a concrete way to perform topological protection of entangled quantum states operating at telecommunication wavelengths.

DOI
10.1515/nanoph-2021-0371

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Polarization control is a major issue in topological quantum optics that limits reliable generation and transmission of quantum states. This study presents what we believe to be a novel topological photonic crystal design that provides topological protection for biphoton pairs for both TE and TM polarization. By well-designed cell configurations within the lattice, two topological boundaries emerge that can accommodate TM and TE modes at the same time. By adjusting the dispersion curves, we can further design nonlinear four-wave mixing processes within the topological photonic crystals and provide theoretical explanations for the entanglement of the dual-polarization biphoton states. Numerical results confirm the robust transport of entangled photon pairs, even when subjected to sharp bending. Moreover, combining the dual-polarization topological photonic crystal with a polarization beam splitter enables the preparation of polarization-encoded maximally entangled states. Our work exhibits significant potential for applications in robust optical quantum information processing and quantum secure communication.
Topological quantum optics has endowed integrated quantum devices with novel functionalities, including unidirectional transport and immunity to structural defects. Here we propose topological interfaces that support two distinct edge modes with different frequency ranges. The nonlinear four-wave mixing processes in the topological interfaces lead to the generation of signal and idler photons, each corresponding to distinct edge modes. By designing a diamondlike topological structure, we can couple the signal and idler photons into opposite branches, leading to spatial separation of the photon pairs. This behavior enables on-chip generation and flexible control of the topological biphoton states. More importantly, the biphoton states are inborn topologically protected, showing robustness against sharp bends and disorders. Our proposal offers the possibility of robust, multifunctional topological quantum devices, which may find applications in quantum information processing.