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OSA Advanced Photonics Congress

Integrated Photonic Circuits and Platform Development for Trapped-Ion Quantum Computing and Sensing

Cheryl M. Sorace-Agaskar, Brian F. Aull, Danielle Braje, Colin Bruzewicz, Patrick T. Callahan, John Chiaverini, Joe Ciampi, Michael Collins, Kevan Donlon, Bradley J. Felton, P Juodawlkis, Dave Kharas, William Loh, Robert McConnell, Rachel Morgan, Robert Niffenegger, Meghan Schuldt, David Reens, Kevin Kyungbum Ryu, Jeremy Sage, Jules Stuart, Gavin N. West

Published Jan 1, 2021• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Integrated photonic technologies for quantum applications are discussed with emphasis on those supporting trapped-ion-based systems. A long-term vision of a fully integrated trapped- ion chip and current work towards its realization are presented.
DOI
10.1364/iprsn.2021.ith2a.2

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Trapped-ion qubits have been advantageous in quantum information processing due to their long coherence times and high-fidelity state preparation, logic gate operation, and readout. In recent years, we have fabricated chips with electrodes – for generating the electric field for trapping ions – and photonic waveguides and grating out-couplers – for delivering light to the ions. The integrated photonics can potentially lower the laser power requirement and lead to faster gates; however, there are challenges that need to be overcome for the platform to be beneficial. Here, we demonstrate single and two qubit gates with Sr+ trapped ion qubits, driven by delivering light to the ions both via free space and integrated photonics. We show that robust quantum logic is within reach using the integrated photonic platform, and the approaches we are taking in mitigating current challenges.
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer compact and scalable solutions for trapped-ion quantum technologies. This work demonstrates photonic platforms that promise the potential integration of photonic components for light delivery and control across ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths. Passive waveguides and beam-shaping structures provide precise and stable optical addressing of ions, while active elements such as modulators and switches enable dynamic, on-chip control for quantum operations. Materials like aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and aluminum nitride (AlN) are evaluated to illustrate how functionality can be tailored to spectral needs. These integrated photonic systems reduce reliance on bulky free-space optics, improve alignment stability, and support future development of compact quantum sensors, atomic clocks, and scalable quantum processors.
Recent advances of quantum technologies rely on precise control and integration of quantum objects, and technological breakthrough is anticipated for further scaling up to realize practical applications. Trapped-ion quantum technology is a promising candidates to realize them, while its scalability depends on the development of intra-node scaling up, reproducibility of quantum nodes and photonic interconnection among them. Utilization of integrated photonics instead of free-space optics is a crucial step toward mass production of trapped-ion quantum nodes and manifests itself as useful for laser delivery for various quantum operations and photon detection. However, whole architecture of the scalable photonic circuits for them is left unexplored. In this work, we discuss photonic architectures for trapped-ion quantum devices, in which lasers of multiple wavelengths are delivered to multiple trapping zones within a single chip. We analyze two methods of configuring nanophotonic waveguides and compare them in terms of loss of total laser power. This work opens up a new landscape of photonic architecture for various applications not only to quantum ones such as trapped-ion devices but also to classical photonics, e.g. optoelectronic devices and biochemical sensing.
The ability to distribute entanglement across a quantum network may lead to new capabilities like teleporting information over a difficult-to-access quantum channel or higher resolution quantum sensors. However, there are many outstanding challenges to realizing such a quantum network. One of these challenges is how to interface disparate quantum technologies effectively and efficiently. Ultimately a quantum network will be used to connect different types of devices, much like the current internet does today, and this requires one to seamlessly connect qubit technologies operating in vastly different environments. This talk will present results on interfacing trapped ion qubits to quantum integrated photonic circuits and discuss challenges related to interfacing trapped ion qubits with superconducting qubits.