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Journal of the Korean Physical Society

Effect of Laser Beam Non-uniformity and the AC Stark Shift on the Two-Photon Resonant Three-Photon Ionization Process of the Cesium Atom

Jonghoon Yi, Hyunmin Park, Jaemin Han, Yongjoo Rhee, Jongmin Lee, Moon‐Gu Baik

Published Sep 1, 1998• 1 citation
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Optics and Spectroscopy•Jan 1, 1981•1 citation
The influence of ac Stark shifts on the three-photon ionization of cesium in a moderate-intensity laser beam is investigated. The ionization process involves a two-photon resonance with the 8d8d8d fine-structure levels. The work consists of two related parts. In the first part, atomic parameters, such as the two-photon Rabi rate and the ac Stark shift, are calculated in the nonrelativistic Hartree-Fock approximation. In the second part, the atomic parameters thus obtained are used as coefficients in a system of coupled differential equations representing the time evolution of the density matrix. Ionization line shapes are generated for a transform-limited pulsed laser of moderate intensity with a single-mode transverse structure. As the time history of the intensity profile is varied from square to smooth, the ionization line shape becomes asymmetric due to the time dependence of the ac Stark shift. The effects of varying the spatial intensity distribution of the laser light to include transverse centering and longitudinal focusing are also studied.
Summary form only given. We investigated the effect of temporal and spatial characteristics not only on the ionization spectrum but on the excited-state population. From the calculational results in which Gaussian temporal and spatial variation was assumed, it was found that the nonuniformity of a laser made the shift of ionization peak frequency different from that of excitation peak frequency. This result indicates that measurement of an ac Stark shift cross section by detecting the fluorescence emitted from an excited state might give the different results comparing with the ionization spectrum measurement case.
Atomic mirrors and beam splitters based on adiabatic following by delayed laser pulses in a three-level Raman configuration are analyzed. We show that in a pure three-level system of two ground states and one excited state, laser pulses tuned precisely on resonance with the excited state do not produce any accumulated phase shifts due to ac Stark shifts even if the process is nonadiabatic. A numerical simulation suggests that multiple delayed laser pulses are attractive for precision interferometry since high transfer efficiencies (up to 98.7% per pulse for the cesium D1 line) and low ac Stark shifts are expected. A possible application to optical two-photon spectroscopy for an optical clock is discussed.