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Quantum cryptography with d-level systems

John Arthur Brunelle

Published Jan 1, 2002• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This project investigates the problem of quantum key distribution (i.e. the process by which two distant parties can arrive at a random string of bits that can be used for cryptographic purposes) based on d-level quantum systems. It investigates a variety of protocols based on such systems and shows that they provided increased security over that provided by 2-level systems. Protocols are also compared with respect to efficiency and ease of implementation, in addition to the level of security.

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This project investigates the problem of quantum key distribution (i.e. the process by which two distant parties can arrive at a random string of bits that can be used for cryptographic purposes) based on d-level quantum systems. It investigates a variety of protocols based on such systems and shows that they provided increased security over that provided by 2-level systems. Protocols are also compared with respect to efficiency and ease of implementation, in addition to the level of security.
Quantum cryptography including quantum key distribution and quantum secret sharing, a fundamental branch in quantum information processing, is the process whereby two or more parties agree on a key for subsequent cryptographic use. The goal of quantum cryptography is to establish a secure key in an insecure communication environment, leading to the difficulty of the protocols' design and analysis. In this thesis we focus on the design and analysis of secure and efficient protocols of two or more parties in quantum settings.
In quantum cryptography, the level of security attainable by a protocol which implements a particular task NNN times bears no simple relation to the level of security attainable by a protocol implementing the task once. Useful partial security, and even near-perfect security in an appropriate sense, can be obtained for NNN copies of a task which itself cannot be securely implemented. We illustrate this with protocols for quantum bit string commitment and quantum random number generation between mistrustful parties.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) which is the name of cryptography in quantum environment act as the highest developed area in quantum communication and computing technology (QCIT). \n \nQKD is inventive technology which utilize the laws of quantum to create a cryptographic share key to make the communication system secure. The unique feature of QKD assures eavesdropping detectable during quantum communications which is fascinating for a high-level secure environment.Most of the traditional cryptographic methods which we use currently are based on mathematical scheme or Computational complexity theory which are not completely safe. Using quantum cryptography has been achieved extensive steps in communication security establishment. As the information Unit has been changed from “bit” to Quantum bit (Qubit), a new element has been offered that can guarantee the shared information confidentiality between parties. The confidentiality of system is established via exchanging a secret key through a channel of quantum, the key which we use for encrypting the shared data. This structure has quantum integration which has been developed by physics law and techniques of cryptography. \n \nThis thesis has proposed a modified version of QKD protocol, this new protocol will generate a cryptographic share key for a more efficient, lower cost and secure communication between two parties (sender and Receiver). This new protocol principal is similar to BBM92, but the source of photon moved to sender instead of third-party photon generator, following steps will be executed in this Experiment: \n \n•\tObserve different categories protocols of QKD in details \n•\tThe Quantum Mechanics Visualisation Project (QuVis) is the simulation software that has been used for implementing the proposed protocol [BB84 with spin] among the other three (BBM92, B92 and BB84). \n•\tProbability ratio of error will be tested and compared for all protocols, for this experiment 100 to 5000 photons will be sent. \n \nBy Analysing collected data in this experiment, it will be determined which one of this four protocols lead the detecting of eavesdropping. Simulation software accomplishes the value of error key probability which receiver can use and should not pass over the range limit of 0.25 & 0.5.
This paper proposes a cryptographic method know as quantum cryptography. Quantum cryptography uses quantum channel to exchange key securely and keeps unwanted parties or eavesdroppers from learning sensitive information. A technique called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is used to share random secret key by encoding the information in quantum states. Photons are the quantum material used for encoding. QKD provides an unique way of sharing random sequence of bits between users with a level of security not attainable with any other classical cryptographic methods. In this paper, BB84 protocol is used to implement QKD, that deals with the photon polarization states used to transmit the telecommunication information with high level of security using optical fiber. In this paper we have implemented BB84 protocol using photonic simulator OptSim 5.2.