Collison-Induced Population Gratings and Zeeman Coherences in the 3 2 S Ground State of Sodium (With 2 Figures)

Lewis J. Rothberg, N. Bloembergen

J. Mlynek, Stefan Burschka, Egbert Buhr

N. Bloembergen, Lewis J. Rothberg

Lewis J. Rothberg, N. Bloembergen

Optical four-wave mixing resonances in sodium vapor induced by collisions with inert buffer gases (He, Ar, Xe, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$) are characterized at high resolution ( 5 MHz) using lasers tuned near the $D$ lines of Na. These resonances are interpreted in terms of coherent scattering from a population grating established by collisional absorption of the incident radiation. The roles of homogeneous and inhomogeneous contributions to the resonance line shapes are clarified. The line shapes exhibit structure sharper than the predicted linewidth, that characteristic of the $3P$-to-$3S$ transition rate. We show that this is caused by collision-induced optical pumping which introduces the ground-state lifetime into the grating relaxation physics. These long-lived gratings are exemplified dramatically by experiments in the presence of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ which collisionally quenches the Na $3P$ states. Similar results are obtained in Xe where it is argued that excimer formation with the $3P$ states plays a role in the population dynamics. Model calculations of the effects of sodium level degeneracy on the grating dynamics are presented to support these conclusions. Finally we present data illustrating interference between the collision-induced population grating resonances detailed here and collision-induced coherent Raman resonances between Zeeman sublevels of the ground state.

Rick P. Trebino, Larry A. Rahn

We observe collision‐induced four‐wave‐mixing resonances—Zeeman and hyperfine coherences and ground‐state‐spin gratings—in a sodium‐seeded hydrogen‐air flame. We see several new characteristics of collision‐induced phenomena at high intensity.

S. Nakayama, George William Series, Wojciech Gawlik