The Need for Post-Quantum Cryptography

Johannes A Buchmann, Denis Butin, Florian Göpfert +1 more

Sean Patrick Murphy, Rachel Player

Abstract The need for developing post-quantum cryptography, that is to say cryptographic schemes that are believed to remain secure if large-scale quantum computers are developed, is demonstrated by a discussion of the classical and the quantum algorithms for solving the factorization problem. The ongoing process by the US standards body NIST to standardize post-quantum public-key encryption and digital signatures is described. Lattice-based cryptography is introduced as a prominent area of post-quantum cryptography. Lattice problems, including the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem, are introduced. The AGCD cryptosystem, based on the approximate greatest common divisor (AGCD) problem, is described.

Bo‐Yin Yang

Jency Rubia J, Babitha Lincy R, Ezhil E. Nithila +2 more

Cryptography is an art of hiding the significant data or information with some other codes. It is a practice and study of securing information and communication. Thus, cryptography prevents third party intervention over the data communication. The cryptography technology transforms the data into some other form to enhance security and robustness against the attacks. The thrust of enhancing the security among data transfer has been emerged ever since the need of Artificial Intelligence field came into a market. Therefore, modern way of computing cryptographic algorithm came into practice such as AES, 3DES, RSA, Diffie-Hellman and ECC. These public-key encryption techniques now in use are based on challenging discrete logarithms for elliptic curves and complex factorization. However, those two difficult problems can be effectively solved with the help of sufficient large-scale quantum computer. The Post Quantum Cryptography (PQC) aims to deal with an attacker who has a large-scale quantum computer. Therefore, it is essential to build a robust and secure cryptography algorithm against most vulnerable pre-quantum cryptography methods. That is called ‘Post Quantum Cryptography’. Therefore, the present crypto system needs to propose encryption key and signature size is very large.in addition to careful prediction of encryption/decryption time and amount of traffic over the communication wire is required. The post-quantum cryptography (PQC) article discusses different families of post-quantum cryptosystems, analyses the current status of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) post-quantum cryptography standardisation process, and looks at the difficulties faced by the PQC community.

Philippe Gaborit

Tomáš Fabšič, Otokar Grošek, Viliam Hromada +1 more

PQC migration represents multiple challenges in education. We will need to educate our future cryptography researchers and engineers on new topics, introduce new challenges, and explain new cryptographic primitives. In the paper, we present our view on education challenges associated with the transition to post-quantum cryptography.