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Symposium Latsis on Diamond Photonics - Physics, Technologies and Applications

Cavity-Enhanced Emission from a Single Germanium Vacancy Center in a Diamond Membrane

Erika Janitz, Rasmus Høy Jensen, Yannik Fontana, Alexander Huck, Ulrik L. Andersen, Lilian Childress

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate room temperature cavity-coupling between a single GeV center in a micron-thick diamond membrane and a high-finesse fiber cavity. This system is a milestone towards the creation of an efficient spin-photon interface using novel defect centers in diamond.
DOI
10.1364/dp.2019.60

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The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond has been explored extensively as a light-matter interface for quantum information applications, however, it is limited by low coherent photon emission and spectral instability. Here, we present a promising interface based on an alternative defect with superior optical properties (the germanium-vacancy) coupled to a finesse-11 000 fiber cavity, resulting in a ${31}_{\ensuremath{-}15}^{+11}$-fold increase in the spectral density of zero-phonon-line emission. This work sets the stage for cryogenic experiments, where we predict a measurable increase in the spontaneous emission rate.
The unique correlations in quantum systems, i.e. superposition and entanglement, enable quantum technologies to outperform classical technologies. Quantum networks is a quantum technology in fast development with many promising applications. An essential building block in a quantum network is the interface between matter nodes and quantum channels. A color center in diamond coupled to a micro-cavity is a promising route to achieve an efficient interface. In this thesis we investigate the coupling of a single germanium vacancy (GeV) center to a Fabry-Pérot optical micro-cavity at room temperature. The Fabry-Pérot optical micro-cavity was formed by a macroscopic flat mirror and a fiber-based concave microscopic mirror. The concave mirror was created on the end-facet of a fiber with short high power laser pulses from a CO2-laser. High qulity dielectric coating allowed us to achieve a finesse of 11,000 with a∼1 µm thin diamond membrane incorporated in the cavity. We achieved a cavity length of only a few µm and a small mode volume V = 2.7µm, which was essential for good coupling between the GeV center and the optical cavity mode. By studying the same GeV center in a confocal microscope setup, i.e. outside of the micro-cavity, and in the micro-cavity setup, we were able to measure an improved optical coherence of the GeV emission in the cavity. We determined an enhancement of the spectral density by a factor of ∼15. Furthermore, we determined the emission efficiency into the cavity mode β and compared it with the theoretical modelling. From the theoretical modelling, we predict the expected Purcell factor Fp = 200 for the zero phonon line in future experiments at cryogenic temperatures. Going to cryogenic temperatures is necessary to achieve efficient spin-photon interfaces. This work provides valuable information for realizing efficient spin-photon interfaces, which is critical for the practical implementation of a quantum network.
We realize a potential platform for an efficient spin-photon interface, namely negatively-charged silicon-vacancy centers in a diamond membrane coupled to the mode of a fully-tunable, fiber-based, optical resonator. We demonstrate that introducing the thin ($\ensuremath{\sim}200\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\text{nm}$), single crystal diamond membrane into the mode of the resonator does not change the cavity properties, which is one of the crucial points for an efficient spin-photon interface. In particular, we observe constantly high Finesse values of up to 3000 and a linear dispersion in the presence of the membrane. We observe cavity-coupled fluorescence from an ensemble of ${\mathrm{SiV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ centers with an enhancement factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}1.9$. Furthermore from our investigations we extract the ensemble absorption and extrapolate an absorption cross section of $(2.9\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\text{cm}}^{2}$ for a single ${\mathrm{SiV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ center, much higher than previously reported.
Efficient optical interfacing of spin-bearing quantum emitters is a crucial ingredient for quantum networks. A promising route therefore is to incorporate host materials as minimally processed membranes into open-access microcavities: it enables significant emission enhancement and efficient photon collection, minimizes deteriorating influence on the quantum emitter, and allows for full spatial and spectral tunability. Here, we study the properties of a high-finesse fiber Fabry-P\'erot microcavity with integrated single-crystal diamond membranes by scanning cavity microscopy. We observe the spatially resolved effects of the diamond-air interface on the cavity-mode structure: a strong correlation of the cavity finesse and mode structure with the diamond thickness and surface topography, prevalent transverse-mode mixing under diamondlike conditions, and mode-character-dependent polarization-mode splitting. Our results reveal the influence of the diamond surface on the achievable Purcell enhancement, which helps to clarify the route towards optimized spin-photon interfaces.
The realization of quantum networks critically depends on establishing efficient, coherent light-matter interfaces. Optically active spins in diamond have emerged as promising quantum nodes based on their spin-selective optical transitions, long-lived spin ground states, and potential for integration with nanophotonics. Tin-vacancy (SnV -^{\,\textrm{-}}-) centers in diamond are of particular interest because they exhibit narrow-linewidth emission in nanostructures and possess long spin coherence times at temperatures above 1 K. However, a nanophotonic interface for SnV -^{\,\textrm{-}}- centers has not yet been realized. Here, we report cavity enhancement of the emission of SnV -^{\,\textrm{-}}- centers in diamond. We integrate SnV -^{\,\textrm{-}}- centers into one-dimensional photonic crystal resonators and observe a 40-fold increase in emission intensity. The Purcell factor of the coupled system is 25, resulting in channeling of the majority of photons (90%90\%90%) into the cavity mode. Our results pave the way for the creation of efficient, scalable spin-photon interfaces based on SnV -^{\,\textrm{-}}- centers in diamond.