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International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems

Transmit Precoding for Physical Layer Security of MIMO-NOMA-Based Visible Light Communications

Nugman Su, Erdal Panayırcı, Mutlu Koca, Harald Haas

Published Sep 6, 2021• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We consider the physical layer security (PLS) of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enabled multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication systems in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (Eve). In order to disrupt the decoding process at Eve, we propose a novel precoding scheme reinforced with random constellation coding. Multiple legitimate users (Bobs) will be served simultaneously using NOMA. For the proposed precoder design, we exploit the slow-fading characteristics of the visible light channel so that the transmitted symbols are successfully decoded at Bob, while Eve suffers from very high bit error ratios (BERs) due to precoding-induced jamming. Via computer simulations, we show that Bob can successfully decode their own information in various user configurations and receiver diversities. It is also shown that the BER at Eve's side is increased to the 0.5-level for similar and the asymmetrical positioning of Bob with respect to the transmitter, thus PLS is ensured by the proposed preceding technique.

DOI
10.1109/iswcs49558.2021.9562248

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We consider the physical layer security (PLS) of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enabled multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication systems in the presence of a passive eavesdropper (Eve). In order to disrupt the decoding process at Eve, we propose a novel precoding scheme reinforced with random constellation coding. Multiple legitimate users (Bobs) will be served simultaneously using NOMA. For the proposed precoder design, we exploit the slow-fading characteristics of the visible light channel so that the transmitted symbols are successfully decoded at Bob, while Eve suffers from very high bit error ratios (BERs) due to precoding-induced jamming. Via computer simulations, we show that Bob can successfully decode their own information in various user configurations and receiver diversities. It is also shown that the BER at Eve's side is increased to the 0.5-level for similar and the asymmetrical positioning of Bob with respect to the transmitter, thus PLS is ensured by the proposed preceding technique.
We consider the physical layer security (PLS) problem in multi-user non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enabled multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication systems intercepted by a passive eavesdropper (Eve). We propose a novel transmit precoding scheme based on receive spatial modulation (RSM) to degrade the signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) of Eve by exploiting only the slow-fading characteristics of the visible light channel of the legitimate users (Bobs). The proposed PLS precoder is reinforced with secret parameter exchange with Bobs and a CSI acquisition model is proposed to reduce the PLS algorithm's computational load substantially at the transmitter. The closed-form expressions for the achievable secrecy rates and their upper and lower bounds are derived. Via Monte Carlo simulations, we confirm that Bobs can successfully decode their information in various user configurations while Eve's received SINR is significantly worsened by the jamming signal induced by the proposed precoder with secret key exchange. It is also shown that Eve's bit error rate (BER) is increased to the 0.5-level for almost any position in the considered indoor environment. Finally, we corroborate the derived secrecy expressions by computer simulations and show that the proposed scheme provides PLS for Bobs.
We consider the physical layer security (PLS) of multi-user (MU) multiple-input-multiple-output visible light communication (VLC) systems with an eavesdropper (Eve) and propose a novel spatial constellation design technique based on generalized space shift keying (MU-GSSK-SCD). The received signals of the legitimate users are optimized jointly, such that their bit error ratios (BERs) are minimized and Eve's BER is significantly degraded. The emission power of randomly selected light-emitting diodes is adjusted, by exploiting users' channel state information at the transmitter. Our strategy ensures that legitimate users receive confidential messages fully in an undistorted fashion, while any meaningful leakage to Eve is strongly prohibited, without any artificial noise addition. Every user can decode only its information, hence inter-user security is also guaranteed. The PLS improvements are presented in terms of both BERs and achievable secrecy rates in practical VLC scenarios. For various user configurations, it is shown that MU-GSSK-SCD increases the BER at Eve to the 0.5 level, while providing minimized BERs to the legitimate users. The achievable secrecy rate region is derived for MU-GSSK-SCD and it is shown that full secrecy can be achieved at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) level with a user separation as small as 90 cm.
Optical wireless communications (OWC) and its potential to solve physical layer security (PLS) issues are becoming important research areas in 6G communications systems. In this paper, an overview of PLS in visible light communications (VLC), is presented. Then, two new PLS techniques based on generalized space shift keying (GSSK) modulation with spatial constellation design (SCD) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) cooperative relaying are introduced. In the first technique, the PLS of the system is enhanced by the appropriate selection of a precoding matrix for randomly activated light emitting diodes (LEDs). With the aid of a legitimate user's (Bob's) channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter (CSIT), the bit error ratio (BER) of Bob is minimized while the BER performance of the potential eavesdroppers (Eves) is significantly degraded. In the second technique, superposition coding with uniform signaling is used at the transmitter and relays. The design of secure beamforming vectors at the relay nodes along with NOMA techniques is used to enhance PLS in a VLC system. Insights gained from the improved security levels of the proposed techniques are used to discuss how PLS can be further improved in future generation communication systems by using VLC.
This work studies an energy-efficient jamming scheme for enhancing physical layer security in visible light communication (VLC). We consider a VLC system where multiple LED luminaries are deployed together with a legitimate user (i.e., Bob) and passive eavesdroppers (i.e., Eves). In such a scenario, the closest LED luminary to Bob serves as the transmitter while the rest of the luminaries act as jammers transmitting artificial noise (AN) to possibly degrade the quality of Eves' channels. A joint design of precoder and AN is then investigated to maximize the energy efficiency (EE) of the communication channel to Bob while ensuring a certain amount of AN power to confuse Eves. To solve the design problem, we make use of a combination of the Dinkelbach and convex-concave procedure (CCCP), which guarantees to converge to a local optimum.
In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security (PLS) for a multiple-input single-output (MISO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) visible light communication (VLC) system, whose information is intercepted by collusive eavesdroppers. For the case of known eavesdroppers' locations, a precoding scheme is proposed to maximize the secrecy capacity of the system by suppressing the rate of collusive eavesdroppers. Then we extend the scheme to the case of unknown eavesdroppers' locations. Specifically, the artificial noise is introduced in the precoding scheme to further suppress the average rate of eavesdroppers. To solve the non-convex optimization problem, we propose an iterative algorithm based on concave-convex procedure. Simulation results illustrate the outperformance of the proposed schemes in guaranteeing the PLS for the MISO NOMA VLC system under the interception of collusive eavesdroppers.
This paper studies the secrecy capacity of the visible light communication (VLC) wiretap channel under a per-antenna peak-intensity constraint and a per-antenna average-intensity constraint. The focus is on the scenario with one transmitter, one legitimate user, and one eavesdropper, all equipped with multiple antennas. Considering various quantity configurations of the number of transmitting and receiving antennas, we first derive a closed-form secrecy rate exploiting the truncated exponential distribution. Based on this, full-connected and sub-connected precoding architectures are proposed to enhance the confidentiality of this multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) VLC wiretap channel. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed precoding schemes significantly improve the secrecy performance of the MIMO-VLC wiretap channel.