Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Quantum-Correlation-Preserving Single-Photon Conversion by Molecular Modulation in Gas-filled Hollow-Core Fibres

Rinat Tyumenev, Jonas Hammer, Nicolas Y. Joly, David Novoa, Philip St.J. Russell

Published Jun 21, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Preservation of the photon statistics of quantum states of light upon frequency conversion is of great importance for modern quantum optics. For example, it holds the key to practical implementation of systems such as quantum networks which often require interfacing of different sub-units that do not operate in the same frequency bands. Although many integrated schemes have been demonstrated [1] , [2] , most offer small frequency shifts, limited tunability, and often suffer from high insertion loss and Raman noise generated in bulk materials.

DOI
10.1109/cleo/europe-eqec52157.2021.9542259

Related papers

Preservation of photon statistics upon selective molecular modulation in hollow-core fibers

Arturo Mena, Pau Arcos, María Sánchez-Hernández +7 more

Preserving the underlying statistical properties of light during frequency transduction is essential for interfacing spectrally disparate quantum systems. To do this successfully, the process needs to be highly efficient, broadband and noiseless. Despite significant progress in this field, satisfying all these conditions remains challenging. Recently, molecular modulation-based transduction in hollow-core fibers has emerged as a promising approach, where biphoton correlations were proven to be preserved during frequency up-conversion. However, beyond this previous demonstration of correlation-maintaining conversion, whether molecular modulation can preserve more general statistical properties of light remains experimentally unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the conservation of photon-number statistics during selective frequency transduction by Raman molecular modulation in a hydrogen-filled hollow-core fiber. As a proof of concept, weak 585-nm signals are selectively converted to 773 nm in the near-infrared and to 471 nm in the blue spectral region with near-unity efficiencies. Phase matching between the generated coherence waves and the transitions of interest is achieved through the effective dispersion of the system, enabling independent selection of the frequency up- and down-conversion processes. The preservation of the photon-number statistics of the shifted signals, along with the large frequency shifts, broad tunability and compatibility with quantum-optical fields, provides a versatile fiber-based platform for quantum frequency transduction. In particular, the demonstrated interfacing between visible and near-infrared wavelengths using low pump energies and low gas pressures offers a route towards connecting spectrally distinct quantum systems, including quantum emitters, sensors and atomic quantum memories, within hybrid quantum networks.

physics.opticsCross-listedarXiv:2610.19964•Oct 15, 2026•0 citations

Tunable and state-preserving frequency conversion of single photons in hydrogen

Rinat Tyumenev, Jonas Hammer, Nicolas Y. Joly +2 more

In modern quantum technologies, preservation of the photon statistics of quantum optical states upon frequency conversion holds the key to the viable implementation of quantum networks, which often require interfacing of several subsystems operating in widely different spectral regions. Most current approaches offer only very small frequency shifts and limited tunability, while suffering from high insertion loss and Raman noise originating in the materials used. We introduce a route to quantum-correlation-preserving frequency conversion using hydrogen-filled antiresonant-reflecting photonic crystal fibers. Transient optical phonons generated by stimulated Raman scattering enable selective frequency up-conversion by 125 terahertz of the idler photon of an entangled pair, with efficiencies up to 70%. This threshold-less molecular modulation process preserves quantum correlations, making it ideal for applications in quantum information.

Science•May 5, 2022•40 citations

Harnessing Light Quanta with Fibre-based Molecular Modulators

Didav Novoa

The manipulation of the frequency content of arbitrary optical signals is of paramount importance in many disparate fields. This is usually achieved using nonlinear optical effects in bulk media such as crystals or gas cells, which restricts the degree of applicability of these techniques due to limitations in e.g. transparency, dispersion, nonlinearity strength and damage threshold. As an alternative to these common free-space arrangements, we will present a universal class of optical modulators based on hydrogen-filled hollow antiresonant fibres with an unprecedented operational range from the ultraviolet to the THz, and capable of handling both classical signals with large photon numbers, as well as quantum light states down to the single-photon limit. The overall performance of these fibre-based molecular modulators can be conveniently scaled through certain characteristic lengths, which makes them versatile means of broadband frequency translation under different conditions.

International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks•Jul 14, 2024•0 citations

Entanglement transfer during quantum frequency conversion in gas-filled hollow-core fibers

Tasio Gonzalez-Raya, Arturo Mena, Miriam Lazo +3 more

Quantum transduction is essential for the future hybrid quantum networks, connecting devices across different spectral ranges. In this regard, molecular modulation in hollow-core fibers has proven to be exceptional for efficient and tunable frequency conversion of arbitrary light fields down to the single-photon limit. However, insights into this conversion method for quantum light have remained elusive beyond standard semi-classical models. In this Letter, we employ a quantum Hamiltonian framework to characterize the behavior of entanglement during molecular modulation while describing the quantum dynamics of both molecules and photons in agreement with recent experiments. In particular, apart from obtaining analytical expressions for the final opto-molecular states, our model predicts a close correlation between the evolution of the average photon numbers and the transfer of entanglement between the interacting parties. These results will contribute to the development of new fiber-based strategies to tackle the challenges associated with the upcoming generation of lightwave quantum technologies.

arXiv:2409.06684•APL Photonics•Apr 1, 2025•5 citations

An optical frequency shifter based on continuous-wave pump fields

Anica Hamer, Frank Vewinger, Michael H. Frosz +1 more

Practical implementations of quantum information networks require frequency conversion of individual photons. Approaches based on a molecular gas as the nonlinear medium cover a wide range of the optical spectrum and promise high efficiency at negligible background. We present polarization-preserving frequency conversion in a hydrogen-loaded hollow core fiber using continuous-wave pump fields. We demonstrate conversion efficiency at the level of a few per mille, discuss various limitations and loss mechanisms, and present a route to increase conversion efficiency to near unity.

arXiv:2506.05989•Jun 6, 2025•0 citations

Tavis-Cummings model for frequency up-conversion in gas-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fibers

Tasio Gonzalez-Raya, Luca Leggio, Arturo Mena +2 more

We introduce a full quantum-mechanical description of recent experiments on correlation-preserving frequency up-conversion of single photons in gas-filled anti-resonant fibers using an N-molecule Tavis-Cummings model. Our formalism predicts preservation of entanglement under specific conditions.

OSA Advanced Photonics Congress•Jan 1, 2024•0 citations
Preservation of the photon statistics of quantum states of light upon frequency conversion is of great importance for modern quantum optics. For example, it holds the key to practical implementation of systems such as quantum networks which often require interfacing of different sub-units that do not operate in the same frequency bands. Although many integrated schemes have been demonstrated [1] , [2] , most offer small frequency shifts, limited tunability, and often suffer from high insertion loss and Raman noise generated in bulk materials.
Preserving the underlying statistical properties of light during frequency transduction is essential for interfacing spectrally disparate quantum systems. To do this successfully, the process needs to be highly efficient, broadband and noiseless. Despite significant progress in this field, satisfying all these conditions remains challenging. Recently, molecular modulation-based transduction in hollow-core fibers has emerged as a promising approach, where biphoton correlations were proven to be preserved during frequency up-conversion. However, beyond this previous demonstration of correlation-maintaining conversion, whether molecular modulation can preserve more general statistical properties of light remains experimentally unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the conservation of photon-number statistics during selective frequency transduction by Raman molecular modulation in a hydrogen-filled hollow-core fiber. As a proof of concept, weak 585-nm signals are selectively converted to 773 nm in the near-infrared and to 471 nm in the blue spectral region with near-unity efficiencies. Phase matching between the generated coherence waves and the transitions of interest is achieved through the effective dispersion of the system, enabling independent selection of the frequency up- and down-conversion processes. The preservation of the photon-number statistics of the shifted signals, along with the large frequency shifts, broad tunability and compatibility with quantum-optical fields, provides a versatile fiber-based platform for quantum frequency transduction. In particular, the demonstrated interfacing between visible and near-infrared wavelengths using low pump energies and low gas pressures offers a route towards connecting spectrally distinct quantum systems, including quantum emitters, sensors and atomic quantum memories, within hybrid quantum networks.
In modern quantum technologies, preservation of the photon statistics of quantum optical states upon frequency conversion holds the key to the viable implementation of quantum networks, which often require interfacing of several subsystems operating in widely different spectral regions. Most current approaches offer only very small frequency shifts and limited tunability, while suffering from high insertion loss and Raman noise originating in the materials used. We introduce a route to quantum-correlation-preserving frequency conversion using hydrogen-filled antiresonant-reflecting photonic crystal fibers. Transient optical phonons generated by stimulated Raman scattering enable selective frequency up-conversion by 125 terahertz of the idler photon of an entangled pair, with efficiencies up to 70%. This threshold-less molecular modulation process preserves quantum correlations, making it ideal for applications in quantum information.
The manipulation of the frequency content of arbitrary optical signals is of paramount importance in many disparate fields. This is usually achieved using nonlinear optical effects in bulk media such as crystals or gas cells, which restricts the degree of applicability of these techniques due to limitations in e.g. transparency, dispersion, nonlinearity strength and damage threshold. As an alternative to these common free-space arrangements, we will present a universal class of optical modulators based on hydrogen-filled hollow antiresonant fibres with an unprecedented operational range from the ultraviolet to the THz, and capable of handling both classical signals with large photon numbers, as well as quantum light states down to the single-photon limit. The overall performance of these fibre-based molecular modulators can be conveniently scaled through certain characteristic lengths, which makes them versatile means of broadband frequency translation under different conditions.
Quantum transduction is essential for the future hybrid quantum networks, connecting devices across different spectral ranges. In this regard, molecular modulation in hollow-core fibers has proven to be exceptional for efficient and tunable frequency conversion of arbitrary light fields down to the single-photon limit. However, insights into this conversion method for quantum light have remained elusive beyond standard semi-classical models. In this Letter, we employ a quantum Hamiltonian framework to characterize the behavior of entanglement during molecular modulation while describing the quantum dynamics of both molecules and photons in agreement with recent experiments. In particular, apart from obtaining analytical expressions for the final opto-molecular states, our model predicts a close correlation between the evolution of the average photon numbers and the transfer of entanglement between the interacting parties. These results will contribute to the development of new fiber-based strategies to tackle the challenges associated with the upcoming generation of lightwave quantum technologies.
Practical implementations of quantum information networks require frequency conversion of individual photons. Approaches based on a molecular gas as the nonlinear medium cover a wide range of the optical spectrum and promise high efficiency at negligible background. We present polarization-preserving frequency conversion in a hydrogen-loaded hollow core fiber using continuous-wave pump fields. We demonstrate conversion efficiency at the level of a few per mille, discuss various limitations and loss mechanisms, and present a route to increase conversion efficiency to near unity.