Quantum computing in a material company

Francesco Bova, Avi Goldfarb B, Roger G. Melko

A quantum computer exhibits quantum advantage when it can perform a calculation that a classical computer is unable to complete. It follows that a company with a quantum computer would be a monopolist in the market for such a calculation if its only competitor was a company with a classical computer. Conversely, economic outcomes are unclear if quantum computers do not exhibit a quantum advantage, but classical and quantum computers have different cost structures. We model a Cournot duopoly where a quantum computing company competes against a classical computing company. The model features an asymmetric variable cost structure between the two companies and the potential for an asymmetric fixed cost structure, where each firm can invest in scaling its hardware to expand its respective market. We find that even if (1) the companies can complete identical calculations, and thus there is no quantum advantage, and (2) it is more expensive to scale the quantum computer, the quantum computing company may be more profitable and also invest more in market creation due to efficiency gains from using quantum algorithms. Finally, we provide examples of settings where the classical computer can also perform a calculation, but not in a cost-effective enough manner to be commercially viable. In such a setting, the quantum computing company becomes a monopolist despite exhibiting no quantum advantage. Taken together, quantum computers may not need to display a quantum advantage to be able to generate a quantum economic advantage for the companies that deploy them. This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu, information systems. Funding: R. G. Melko is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chair program, and the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. Research at the Perimeter Institute is supported in part by the Government of Canada through the Department of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Colleges and Universities. A. Goldfarb is supported by the Sloan Foundation and the Social Sciences and Humanities Council of Canada. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4578 .

P. Sureshkumar, Madhusudan Narayan

Rodney S. Ruoff

Md Samiun, Nur Mohammad, Mohammad Ismail Hossain +1 more

Despite the significant scientific and engineering hurdles in advancing quantum computers, notable strides are being made toward utilizing this technology in commercial domains. Quantum computers are projected to exceed the computational power of classical computers within the next decade, potentially revolutionizing various industries. This study explores a range of fields that have already begun integrating quantum hardware. By presenting these as examples of combinatorial problems, we demonstrate their applications across three key sectors: cryptography, material science, and Machine Learning. Further, we will conduct a survey on various industries and companies to identify the broader usage of quantum computing in their manufacturing. The survey will analyze the diverse potential applications and current advantages of quantum hardware and algorithms. The results will help further researchers identify and segment the companies and understand the rapid application of quantum computing.

Sabine Wölk

Bezhan Sh. Sobirov, Timur T. Karamergenov, Н. А. Северцев +1 more

Background. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that today one of the most serious fundamental challenges for technology companies is that the needs for computing power are constantly growing. The business environment is increasingly moving towards a new computing paradigm. Quantum technologies may be one of the answers to this challenge. The purpose of the study is to assess the current state of quantum computing and determine the direction of development of this area, as well as obstacles and limitations in the use of quantum technologies. Materials and methods. The empirical basis of the study was research from the AIRI Institute of Artificial Intelligence, as well as research from CaixaBank, TotalEnergies, Quantinuum, authors B.G. Ibrahimov, A.O. Orujov, A.H. Hasanov, K.M. Tahirova in the article "Research and analysis efficiency fiber optical communication lines using quantum technology". Results. The author of this study presents the main advantage of quantum computing, noting that they are based on completely different principles than traditional ones, and will use their own hardware and mathematical base. The study presents the results of research and experiments in the field of quantum computing achieved by oil companies. The work done and the experience gained made it possible to formulate the key challenges for the development of quantum computing in industrial companies. Conclusions. The practical significance of this research lies in the fact that it will allow the business community, as well as government authorities, to develop a development strategy in the new computing paradigm. Will allow companies to develop effective strategies when solving optimization problems and advanced computing architectures.