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The Japan Society of Applied Physics

Highly-sensitive temperature sensing using RF-dressed states of Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond

Hibiki Tabuchi, Furuya Noboru, Yuichiro Matsuzaki, Hideyuki Watanabe, Norikazu Mizuochi, Junko Hayase

Published Jul 6, 2021• 0 citations
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The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is a promising candidate to realize practical quantum sensors with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. In conventional high-frequency AC magnetometry with NV centers, the setup requires a pulse sequence with an appropriate time synchronization and strong microwave power. To avoid these practical difficulties, AC magnetometry using continuous-wave optically detected magnetic resonance (CW-ODMR) was recently demonstrated. That previous study utilized radio frequency (RF)-dressed states generated by the coherent interaction between the electron spin of the NV center and the RF wave. However, the drawback of this method is that the detectable frequency of the AC magnetic fields is fixed. Here, we propose and demonstrate frequency-tunable magnetic field sensing based on CW-ODMR. In the new sensing scheme, we obtain RF double-dressed states by irradiation with RF fields at two different frequencies. One creates the RF-dressed states and changes the frequency of the target AC field. The other is a target AC field that induces a change in the CW-ODMR spectrum by generating the RF double-dressed states through coherent interaction with the RF-dressed states. The sensitivity of our method is estimated to be comparable to or even higher than that of the conventional method based on the RF field with a single frequency. The estimated bandwidth is 7.5 MHz, higher than that of the conventional method using the RF-dressed states. Our frequency-tunable magnetic field sensor based on CW-ODMR paves the way for new applications in diamond devices.
Abstract Temperature sensing at the nanoscale is a significant experimental challenge. Here, an approach using dressed states is reported to make a leading quantum sensor – the nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) center in diamond – selectively sensitive to temperature, even in the presence of normally confounding magnetic fields. Using an experimentally straightforward approach, the magnetic sensitivity of the NV center is suppressed by a factor of seven, while retaining full temperature sensitivity and narrowing the NV center linewidth. These results demonstrate the power of engineering the sensor Hamiltonian using external control fields to enable sensing with improved specificity to target signals.
Negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center in diamond has been paid attention as a highly sensitive detector for magnetic field. The magnetic sensitivity is proportional to the reciprocal of √(NT_2 ), where N is the number of NV centers and T2 is the spin coherence time. To improve the sensitivity, high concentration of NV- centers and extended coherence time are necessary. It is generally known that electron beam irradiation into type-Ib diamond which include high initial concentration of isolated substitutional nitrogen (P1 center) is a useful method to create high concentration of NV- centers. The electron beam irradiation generates vacancies in diamond and the subsequently annealing enables vacancies to diffuse in the lattice. Then diffused vacancies are captured by nitrogen atoms, as a result, NV centers are created. The post annealing has been performed at 1000°C or higher temperature for the purpose of improving the spin properties of NV- centers. In current study, we focused on post-annealing at high temperature to improve magnetic sensitivity of quantum sensing. We investigated annealing temperature and time dependence of the creation behavior of NV centers in type-Ib diamonds to understand appropriate annealing process for enhancing sensitivity of NV- center.