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IEEE Research and Applications of Photonics in Defense Conference (RAPID)

Silicon Quantum Photonic Integrated Circuits Comprising Superconducting Nanostripe Single-Photon Detectors

Sami A. Nazib, Troy A. Hutchins-Delgado, Hosuk Lee, Mark V. Reymatias, Loïc H. Djamen Tchapda, Genyu Chen, Erika M. Sommer, Petra M. Peirce, Benjamin C. Utzinger, Aadit Sharma, Nathan J. Withers, John N. Nogan, Tzu‐Ming Lu, I. Komissarov, Roman Sobolewski, Arash Mafi, Marek Osiński

Published Aug 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report on design, fabrication, and characterization of silicon quantum photonic integrated circuits comprising superconducting nanostripe single-photon detectors integrated with dielectric optical waveguides. In order to enhance absorption of photons by the superconducting nanostripes, the detectors are located directly on the dielectric waveguide core.

DOI
10.1109/rapid51799.2021.9521395

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We report on design, fabrication, and characterization of silicon quantum photonic integrated circuits comprising superconducting nanostripe single-photon detectors integrated with dielectric optical waveguides. In order to enhance absorption of photons by the superconducting nanostripes, the detectors are located directly on the dielectric waveguide core.
Superconducting nanostripe single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) represent key components in silicon quantum photonic integrated circuits (SiQuPICs). They provide good timing precision, low dark counts, and high efficiency. The design, fabrication, and characterization of SiQuPICs comprising SNSPDs coupled to dielectric optical waveguides are the core objectives of our work. The detectors are positioned directly on the dielectric waveguide core to increase photon absorption by the superconducting nanostripes. We also present results on the SPICE circuit modeling of traveling-wave SNSPDs integrated with Si3N4/SiO2 optical waveguides.
Quantum photonic integration is one of the leading approaches for enabling the implementation of quantum simulation and computing at the scale of tens to hundreds of photons. Quantum photonic integrated circuits require the monolithic integration of single-photon sources and passive circuit elements, such as waveguides and couplers, with single-photon detectors. A promising approach for on-chip single-photon detection is the use of superconducting nanowires on top of semiconductor waveguides. Here, we present state-of-the-art NbN films on GaAs for the realization of waveguide superconducting single-photon detectors, suitable for integration with sources and linear optical circuits. Based on the measured optical properties, we propose a new design which allows high absorptance for short nanowires in order to increase the integration density in a quantum photonic chip. Finally, we review recent results on integrated single-photon and photon-number-resolving detectors, and integrated autocorrelators.
Quantum information processing holds great promise for communicating and computing data efficiently. However, scaling current photonic implementation approaches to larger system size remains an outstanding challenge for realizing disruptive quantum technology. Two main ingredients of quantum information processors are quantum interference and single-photon detectors. Here we develop a hybrid superconducting-photonic circuit system to show how these elements can be combined in a scalable fashion on a silicon chip. We demonstrate the suitability of this approach for integrated quantum optics by interfering and detecting photon pairs directly on the chip with waveguide-coupled single-photon detectors. Using a directional coupler implemented with silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguides, we observe 97% interference visibility when measuring photon statistics with two monolithically integrated superconducting single-photon detectors. The photonic circuit and detector fabrication processes are compatible with standard semiconductor thin-film technology, making it possible to implement more complex and larger scale quantum photonic circuits on silicon chips.