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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Effect of the Motion of Atoms and Collisions with the Antirelaxation Coating of the Walls of Gas Cells on the Shape and Shift of the Coherent Population Trapping Resonance

A. N. Litvinov, I. M. Sokolov

Published Jun 1, 2021• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The shape of the coherent population trapping resonance in optically thin cells with antirelaxation coating of the walls has been determined by solving the quantum kinetic equation for the single-atom density matrix. It has been found that motion and collisions with walls in the case of nondegenerate ground and excited states result in a significant change in the shape of the spectrum, in the appearance of a comb of additional resonances, and in shifts of the main resonance of coherent population trapping, which nonmonotonically depend on the size of the cell.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364021120092

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The shape of the coherent population trapping resonance in optically thin cells with antirelaxation coating of the walls has been determined by solving the quantum kinetic equation for the single-atom density matrix. It has been found that motion and collisions with walls in the case of nondegenerate ground and excited states result in a significant change in the shape of the spectrum, in the appearance of a comb of additional resonances, and in shifts of the main resonance of coherent population trapping, which nonmonotonically depend on the size of the cell.
We consider the motion of atoms in a cell free of a buffer gas with an antirelaxation wall coating on the spectrum and shift of the coherent population trapping resonance. We compare two types of reflection of atoms, viz., elastic (specular) and diffuse reflection, when the velocity of an atom after its reflection is determined by the wall temperature, as well by the quality of the antirelaxation wall coating. It is shown that for both types of reflection, a nonmonotonic dependence of the coherent population trapping resonance shift on the cell size is observed. In the case of diffuse reflection, the shift can change sign, and a complex two-hump structure of the coherent population trapping resonance is observed in a certain range of cell lengths. The dependence of the detected effects on the laser radiation spectral width is analyzed.
Abstract We consider the motion of atoms in a cell free of a buffer gas with an antirelaxation wall coating on the spectrum and shift of the coherent population trapping resonance. We compare two types of reflection of atoms, viz., elastic (specular) and diffuse reflection, when the velocity of an atom after its reflection is determined by the wall temperature, as well by the quality of the antirelaxation wall coating. It is shown that for both types of reflection, a nonmonotonic dependence of the coherent population trapping resonance shift on the cell size is observed. In the case of diffuse reflection, the shift can change sign, and a complex two-hump structure of the coherent population trapping resonance is observed in a certain range of cell lengths. The dependence of the detected effects on the laser radiation spectral width is analyzed.
Abstract The features of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in gas cells with antirelaxation coating of the walls are considered. It is shown that the simultaneous effect of the motion of atoms, the finite size of a cell, and the nondegeneracy of the ground state of atoms leads to a number of qualitative phenomena. In particular, even for the simplest three-level lambda scheme with a nondegenerate ground state, a significant difference in the spectra of EIT is revealed and investigated in detail depending on the relation between the frequencies of the probe and control fields, i.e., depending on whether the probe radiation is scattered in the Stokes or anti-Stokes channel. A significant spatial inhomogeneity of the excited low-frequency coherence is observed, which persists for large cells even far from their boundaries. In this case, the EIT resonances formed by atoms in different regions of a cell turn out to be differently shifted in frequency, which causes an additional inhomogeneous broadening of the observed profile. The observed effects are studied as a function of the nature of the accommodation of atoms on the surface of the antirelaxation coating.
Abstract The dependence of the nature of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in gas cells without a buffer gas on the quality of the antirelaxation coating of the walls, i.e., on the probability of relaxation of the internal state of an atom upon collision with this coating, is analyzed. It is found that, in a number of practically important cases, relaxation on the walls has little effect on the contrast of the EIT resonance, and, under certain conditions, even enhances this effect. For a nondegenerate ground state of atoms, the significant difference is analyzed between two schemes for the implementation of EIT in the cases of Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering of probe radiation, as well as between two types of reflection, specular (elastic) and diffuse, when the atom velocity after reflection does not depend on the velocity before the collision but is determined by the wall temperature. Particular attention is paid to the features of the EIT spectra when the nondegeneracy of the excited state of atoms is taken into account.
We study the peculiarities of the coherent population trapping (CPT) dark resonance in atomic vapor confined in a finite-size cell. Taking into account the scattering of atoms on anti-relaxation coating of the walls, we analyze the line shape of the CPT resonance in 133 C s depending on various parameters, such as the width of laser radiation spectrum, the type of pumping, and the magnitude of static magnetic field for both lin || lin and l i n ⊥ l i n polarization schemes. We show that for different parameters, the dependence of the line shape on the size of a cell is different, i.e., different factors affect the CPT resonance nonadditively. Thus, in the case when CPT resonance is excited by a narrowband laser, the shape of the resonance weakly depends on the size of a cell due to the laser-induced narrowing effect. We also show that the distortion of the line shape of the CPT resonance caused by nonresonant hyperfine sublevels of atomic excited states is modified with the size of a cell. Our calculation reveals the important role of accounting for the hyperfine and Zeeman structure of atomic levels. We have shown that the contrast of the CPT resonance differs about 5 times from the prediction of the simple three-level Λ model. The obtained results can be used for the optimization of the quantum frequency standards based on the CPT effect. In the final part of the paper, on the basis of the shot noise approximation we estimate the short-term stability of such standards.