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Photonics for Quantum (PfQ)

Quantum photonics for computer security and other applications

Philip John Walther

Published Aug 27, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The precise quantum control of single photons, together with the intrinsic advantage of being mobile make optical quantum system ideally suited for delegated quantum information tasks, reaching from well-established quantum cryptography to quantum clouds and quantum computer networks. Here I present that the exploit of quantum photonics allows for a variety of quantum-enhanced data security for quantum and classical computers. The latter is based on feasible hybrid classical-quantum technology, which shows promising new applications of readily available quantum photonics technology for complex data processing. As outlook I will discuss technological challenges for the scale up of photonic quantum computers, and our group’s current work for addressing some of those.

DOI
10.1117/12.2609912

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The precise quantum control of single photons, together with the intrinsic advantage of being mobile make optical quantum system ideally suited for delegated quantum information tasks, reaching from well-established quantum cryptography to quantum clouds and quantum computer networks. Here I present that the exploit of quantum photonics allows for a variety of quantum-enhanced data security for quantum and classical computers. The latter is based on feasible hybrid classical-quantum technology, which shows promising new applications of readily available quantum photonics technology for complex data processing. As outlook I will discuss technological challenges for the scale up of photonic quantum computers, and our group’s current work for addressing some of those.
The precise quantum control of single photons, together with the intrinsic advantage of being mobile make optical quantum system ideally suited for delegated quantum information tasks, reaching from well-established quantum cryptography to quantum clouds and quantum computer networks. Here I will present that the exploit of quantum photonics allows for a variety of quantum-enhanced data security for quantum and classical computers. First, I will present a homomorphic-encrypted quantum random walk using single-photon states and non-birefringent integrated optics. The client encrypts their input state in the photons’ polarization degree of freedom, while the server performs the computation using the path degree of freedom. Then I will briefly discuss the realization of a feasible hybrid classical-quantum technology, which shows promising new applications of readily available quantum photonics technology for secure classical computing by enabling probabilistic one-time programs.
Photonics is an effective platform for engineering quantum states of many photons that can be harnessed for applications in information processing tasks, ranging from secure communications to enhanced sensors to efficient simulation of physical or other systems. I will discuss recent developments and some challenges to achieving this promise. Building and measuring multi-photon quantum states suitable for these applications demands a means for them to interfere and for detection at the level of individual photons. Photonic integrated circuits are well suited to these tasks at a scale that is not possible by other means. Advances in the design and utilization of circuits and detectors enable quantum advantage, and indeed provide new opportunities for classical optical systems.
Photons are very promising resources for the whole field of quantum information processing. Bulk optics are currently not suitable for the realization of complex quantum optical schemes due to several drawbacks. The ongoing miniaturization of photonic structures due to the availability of sophisticated nanofabrication has provided huge opportunities for physical research of novel phenomena in nanophotonic systems and quantum technological applications. These include quantum information processing such as quantum computing, quantum communication, quantum metrology, and quantum sensing. Quantum communication is already quite advanced with several quantum key distribution (QKD) systems commercially available offering absolute security. Photonic quantum technologies are enabling breakthroughs in experimental tests of quantum physics and are close to practical applications of quantum technologies in imaging, secure communications, ultrasensitive metrology and quantum computing. There are several advantages to encoding a quantum bit onto a photon: the preparation and manipulation of single photons is easy, and the photonic qubit is a natural candidate for quantum imaging and communications. Furthermore, the qubit can be encoded in various degrees of freedom such as on the position, phase, time-bin, energy, angular momentum, polarization of the photon—or a combination of these. This flexibility leads to enormous opportunities for scientific exploration and in practical applications. This special issue on “Photonic Quantum Technologies” presents selected papers on photonic quantum systems from leading groups in the world. The articles represent a flavor of the cutting-edge research that is going on in this area. The studied material systems range from molecules to semiconductor quantum emitters. A major challenge is the design of telecom photon emitters with high efficiency, good yield, spectral purity, stability and the possibility of mass manufacture. We believe that this Special Issue will provide an overview of recent exciting developments in the field of photonic quantum technologies, serving to keep researchers up-to-date with the latest progress and spurring on new concepts in this field.
Abstract The development of quantum‐enabled photonic technologies has opened new avenues for advanced illumination across diverse fields, including sensing, computing, materials, and integration. This review highlights how Quantum‐enhanced sensing and imaging exploit nonclassical correlations to attain unprecedented accuracy in chaotic environments. As well as guaranteeing secure communications, quantum cryptography, protected by physical principles, ensures unbreakable cryptographic key exchange. As quantum computing speed increases exponentially, previously unimplementable uses for classical computers become feasible. On‐chip integration enables the mass production of quantum photonic components for pervasive applications by facilitating miniaturization and scalability. A powerful and flexible platform is produced when classical and quantum systems are combined. Quantum spin liquids and other topological materials can maintain their quantum states while subject to decoherence. Despite challenges with decoherence, production, and commercialization, quantum photonics is an exciting new area of study that promises lighting techniques impossible with conventional optics. To realize this promise, researchers from several fields must work together to solve complex technical problems and decode fundamental physics. Finally, advances in quantum‐enabled photonics have the potential to evolve quantum photonic devices and cutting‐edge imaging methods and usher in a new age of lighting options based on quantum dots.
Herewithin we present multiplexed integrated photonics as a realisable route to large-scale quantum technologies. Quantum photonics is one many platforms for experimental demonstrations of quantum information science. The technological advantages afforded by the combination of integrated photonic circuits with multiplexing techniques can enable performance enhancements to make photonics a leading infrastructure for implementation of real-world quantum information systems. For this purpose, we create integrated circuits to solve technical challenges in the fields of quantum cryptography, discrete variable and continuous variable quantum computation. These circuits were fabricated in a facility developed at Griffith University, Centre for Quantum Dynamics, for the production of annealed and reverse proton exchange waveguides in congruent lithium niobate and have found applications across the fields of quantum optics and cryptography. We develop and demonstrate the first integrated many-mode active optical demultiplexing of single photons from a solid-state source. This scheme enables the production of a multiphoton Fock state across multiple spatial modes from a single high brightness solid-state source with temporal indistinguishability. This work addressed a major hurdle in the development of photonic quantum computers, namely generation of a large number of indistinguishable single photons on demand. To perform the demultiplexing of single photons we develop two key technologies; a high-speed 1:4 integrated photonic switch and a many channel arbitrary pulse sequence generator. Cryptography as a field is increasingly reliant on quantum random number generators for added security. With increased demand comes a requirement for higher bitrate random number generators, and as such we demonstrate multiplexing of a random number generation scheme based on measurements of quantum vacuum fluctuations. Furthermore, we show an increased level of security at high bitrates by implementing a new signal processing scheme We demonstrate integrated generation, manipulation and homodyning of squeezed light on a single chip for the first time. This scheme is the first successful demonstration of full integration of all the major components needed for continuous variable quantum computation in a temporally multiplexed architecture. These results represent contributions to several fields of study, demonstrating the advantages of integrated quantum photonic multiplexing, and are of interest to the quantum computing, information security, integrated optics, and electronic control communities.