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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Quantum dynamics of mixed polarization states: effects of environment-mediated intermode coupling

Andrei Gaidash, Козубов Антон Владимирович, George P. Miroshnichenko, Alexei D. Kiselev

Published Jul 19, 2021• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the quantum dynamics of mixed polarization states represented by the two-mode boson system interacting with an environment. Using the form of general dynamical equations for averaged operators that preserve normal ordering, we show that the dynamical regimes of the averaged Stokes operators crucially depend on the anisotropy of the relaxation operator resulting from the intermode coupling induced by the anisotropic environment. We analyze how this coupling impacts the quantum bit error rate in the well-known single-photon polarization-coding quantum key distribution protocol BB84.

DOI
10.1364/josab.425226

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We study the quantum dynamics of mixed polarization states represented by the two-mode boson system interacting with an environment. Using the form of general dynamical equations for averaged operators that preserve normal ordering, we show that the dynamical regimes of the averaged Stokes operators crucially depend on the anisotropy of the relaxation operator resulting from the intermode coupling induced by the anisotropic environment. We analyze how this coupling impacts the quantum bit error rate in the well-known single-photon polarization-coding quantum key distribution protocol BB84.
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In this paper, we consider the influence of a divergence of polarization of a quantum signal transmitted through an optical fiber channel on the quantum bit error rate of the subcarrier wave quantum key distribution protocol. Firstly, we investigate the dependence of the optical power of the signal on the modulation indices' difference after the second phase modulation of the signal. Then we consider the Liouville equation with regard to relaxation in order to develop expressions of the dynamics of the Stokes parameters. As a result, we propose a model that describes quantum bit error rate for the subcarrier wave quantum key distribution depending on the characteristics of the optical fiber. Finally, we propose several methods for minimizing quantum bit error rate.
We analyze the impact of fiber random birefringence in realistic quantum communication systems in which information is encoded in single-photon polarization qubits. We discuss an algorithm to dynamically compensate the polarization random rotations. We assess the algorithm performance considering both the polarization drift dynamics and the QBER threshold. We apply the polarization drift control algorithm to a realistic quantum key distribution system based on the BB84 and we assess its performance in terms of key generation rate for different values of polarization linewidth.
In this work, we explore the master equation governing open quantum systems dynamics in an alternative form, which preserves the normal-ordered representation of the averaged normal-ordered operators.We derive a linear system of differential equations for the fourth-order moments of corresponding bosonic operators.Polarization moments of the first and the second orders are investigated using plane rotation transformation.We also evaluate the dynamics of the hidden polarization in comparison with the dynamics of usual polarization within open quantum dynamics.
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We present a theoretical analysis of the connection between classical polarization optics and quantum mechanics of two-level systems. First, we review the matrix formalism of classical polarization optics from a quantum information perspective. In this manner the passage from the Stokes-Jones-Mueller description of classical optical processes to the representation of one- and two-qubit quantum operations, becomes straightforward. Second, as a practical application of our classical-vs-quantum formalism, we show how two-qubit maximally entangled mixed states can be generated by using polarization and spatial modes of photons generated via spontaneous parametric down conversion.