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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Entanglement-Assisted Absorption Spectroscopy

Haowei Shi, Zheshen Zhang, Stefano Pirandola, Quntao Zhuang

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a practical transmitter-receiver system that exploits entanglement to achieve a provable quantum advantage over all spectrometers based on classical sources. The quantum advantage is robust against noise and loss.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2021.jth4c.3

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Spectroscopy is an important tool for probing the properties of materials, chemicals, and biological samples. We design a practical transmitter-receiver system that exploits entanglement to achieve a provable quantum advantage over all spectroscopic schemes based on classical sources. To probe the absorption spectra, modeled as a pattern of transmissivities among different frequency modes, we employ broadband signal-idler pairs in two-mode squeezed vacuum states. At the receiver side, we apply photodetection after optical parametric amplification. Finally, we perform a maximum likelihood decision test on the measurement results, achieving an error probability orders of magnitude lower than the optimum classical systems in various examples, including "wine tasting" and "drug testing" where real molecules are considered. In detecting the presence of an absorption line, our quantum scheme achieves the optimum performance allowed by quantum mechanics. The quantum advantage in our system is robust against noise and loss, which makes near-term experimental demonstration possible.
Absorption spectroscopy has long been hailed as an absolute necessity for detecting the properties of complex chemical and biological samples. While conventional spectroscopy using classical light is severely limited by shot noise and lacks robustness against experimental imperfections, quantum light offers an avenue to perform absorption spectroscopy with provable advantages in the technical operations and the measurement precision. Here, we present an experimental approach to implement entanglement-based absorption spectroscopy with the assistance of Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. Since the temporal interference fringe is determined by the spectrum pattern, a maximum-likelihood decision is sufficient for revealing the relevant quantum information about the absorptive properties of the test samples. These experimental results may significantly facilitate the use of quantum interferometric spectroscopy to practical applications, which may be particularly relevant for photon-sensitive biological and chemical samples.
Entanglement underpins a variety of quantum-enhanced communication, sensing, and computing capabilities. Entanglement-assisted communication (EACOMM) leverages entanglement preshared by communicating parties to boost the rate of classical information transmission. Pioneering theory works showed that EACOMM can enable a communication rate well beyond the ultimate classical capacity of optical communications, but an experimental demonstration of any EACOMM advantage remains elusive. In this Letter we report the implementation of EACOMM surpassing the classical capacity over lossy and noisy bosonic channels. We construct a high-efficiency entanglement source and a phase-conjugate quantum receiver to reap the benefit of preshared entanglement, despite entanglement being broken by channel loss and noise. We show that EACOMM beats the Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland capacity of classical communication by up to 16.3%, when both protocols are subject to the same power constraint at the transmitter. As a practical performance benchmark, we implement a classical communication protocol with the identical characteristics for the encoded signal, showing that EACOMM can reduce the bit-error rate by up to 69% over the same bosonic channel. Our work opens a route to provable quantum advantages in a wide range of quantum information processing tasks.