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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Extremely Non-Adiabatic Switch-Off of Deep-Strong Light-Matter Coupling

Maike Halbhuber, Joshua Mornhinweg, Viola Zeller, Cristiano Ciuti, Dominique Bougeard, C. Lange, R. Huber

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Switching off deep-strong light-matter coupling extremely non-adiabatically results in pronounced subcycle polarization oscillations. Our quantum model verifies that light-matter decoupling occurs more than an order of magnitude faster than the optical cycle duration.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fw2q.1

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Dressing electrons with the vacuum electromagnetic field of an optical microresonator can lead to the creation of new states of matter. When the rate of energy exchange between the two systems, the vacuum Rabi frequency, Ω R , becomes comparable to the carrier frequency of light, ω 0 , the regime of ultrastrong coupling is reached [1] . Here, anti-resonant interactions result in a modified vacuum ground state and give rise to novel phenomena of cavity quantum electrodynamics (c-QED), such as the vacuum Bloch-Siegert shift [2] . When Ω R even surpasses ω 0 , deepstrong coupling is attained [3] , [4] . While the exploration of the equilibrium properties of this extreme setting has just begun, its subcycle dynamics is expected to reveal qualitatively new quantum phenomena.
Interaction of the vacuum field of an optical mode with an electronic two-level system can drive non-perturbative light-matter dynamics, resulting in an exotic quantum ground state containing a sizeable population of virtual excitations. In the deep-strong coupling (DSC) regime, where the Rabi frequency,ΩR\Omega_{\mathrm{R}}ΩR​, exceeds the eigen-frequencies of the coupled systems, this extreme ground state can result in spectacular effects of cavity-QED, such as the expected release of the virtual photon ground state population as vacuum radiation by non-adiabatic modulation of the coupling mechanism [1], [2]. However, for resonant coupling of two single modes [3], the finite oscillator strength of resonant electronic excitation sets a natural limit to the achievable coupling strength, hindering further exploration of this exciting field.
Improvements in both the photonic confinement and the emitter design have led to a steady increase in the strength of the light-matter coupling in cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments. This has allowed us to access interaction-dominated regimes in which the state of the system can only be described in terms of mixed light-matter excitations. Here we show that, when the coupling between light and matter becomes strong enough, this picture breaks down, and light and matter degrees of freedom totally decouple. A striking consequence of such a counterintuitive phenomenon is that the Purcell effect is reversed and the spontaneous emission rate, usually thought to increase with the light-matter coupling strength, plummets instead for large enough couplings.