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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Exploring Collective Quantum Phaenomena Using Nanofiber Mediated Atom-Light Interaction

Jérémy Berroir, Tridib Ray, Neil Corzo, Jérémy Raskop, Dmitriy V. Kupriyanov, Alban Urvoy, Julien Laurat

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report storage and retrieval of a single collective excitation of an atomic ensemble coupled to an optical nanofiber. We further provide theoretical and experimental advances on controllable atomic Bragg mirrors and atomic cavity systems.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fth1p.2

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The study of atom-light interaction is a key element of quantum optics and a central part of atomic physics. Systems composed of atoms interacting with each other through the electromagnetic field can be used for studies from fundamental research to practical applications. Experimental realizations of these systems benefit from three distinct attributes: large atom-light coupling, trapping and control of atomic ensembles, and engineering and manipulation of the electromagnetic field. Optical waveguides provide a platform that achieves these three goals. In particular, optical nanofibers are an excellent candidate. They produce a high confinement of the electromagnetic field that improves atom-light coupling, guiding the field that mediates the interactions between atoms, while allowing trapping of the atoms close to it. This thesis describes the uses of an optical nanofiber for quantum optics experiments, demonstrating its possibilities for enabling special atom-light interactions. We trap atoms near the optical nanofiber surface, and characterize the trap in a non-destructive manner. We show how the presence of the nanofiber modifies the fundamental atomic property of spontaneous emission, by altering the electromagnetic environment of the atom. Finally, we use the nanofiber to prepare collective states of atoms around it. These states can radiate faster or slower than a single atom (superradiance and subradiance). The observation of subradiance of a few atoms, a rather elusive effect, evidences nanofibers as a strong candidate for future quantum optics experiments. Moreover, we show how the guided field mediates interaction between atoms hundreds of wavelengths apart, creating macroscopically delocalized collective states.
Light-matter interaction processes are extremely attractive for quantum information problems, where one of the main goals consists in a quantum state of light mapping into a collective atomic state. By analogy with the Purcell effect, which exhibits in the presence of a resonator, enhancement of light-matter interaction can be achieved by using a nanofiber [1-2]. In this work we present a theoretical description of light interaction with a cold atomic ensemble mediated the nanofiber, which lies in a base of the experimental realization of a quantum memory protocol [3].
Optical nanofibers provide a versatile platform for exploring strong light-matter interactions at the single-quantum level, a central goal of quantum optics. Their subwavelength diameter supports tightly confined guided modes with strong evanescent fields, enabling efficient coupling between photons and nearby atoms. By incorporating fiber Bragg gratings, nanofibers can form fully fiber-integrated high-finesse cavities, combining strong atom-photon coupling with efficient and low-loss optical input-output interfacing in the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). In parallel, nanofiber systems naturally realize waveguide QED, where atoms interact strongly with propagating photons in a one-dimensional geometry. In this review, we introduce the underlying physical principles, summarize key experimental techniques and representative phenomena, and discuss prospects for applications in quantum information processing, quantum networks, and related quantum technologies.