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Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Magnetic Velocity Analysis of Potassium Atoms Scattered by a Magnesium Oxide Crystal

A. Ellett, Victor W. Cohen

Published Jan 1, 1936• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A beam of neutral potassium atoms is directed to the surface of an MgO crystal, incident at an adjustable angle of from 20 to 80 degrees. Perpendicular to this beam is a slit system which defines a second beam of atoms which have been scattered by the crystal. This second beam is directed to the region between a pair of Stern-Gerlach magnet pole pieces. The intensity of the beam is measured by means of a Langmuir-Taylor surface ionization detector.

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A beam of neutral potassium atoms is directed to the surface of an MgO crystal, incident at an adjustable angle of from 20 to 80 degrees. Perpendicular to this beam is a slit system which defines a second beam of atoms which have been scattered by the crystal. This second beam is directed to the region between a pair of Stern-Gerlach magnet pole pieces. The intensity of the beam is measured by means of a Langmuir-Taylor surface ionization detector.
A successful transverse Stern–Gerlach experiment has been performed, using a beam of neutral potassium atoms and an inhomogeneous time-dependent magnetic field of the form[Formula: see text]A classical analysis of the Stern–Gerlach experiment is given for a rotating inhomogeneous magnetic field. In general, when space quantization is achieved, the spins are quantized along the effective magnetic field in the reference frame rotating with angular velocity ω about the z axis. For ω = 0, the direction of quantization is the z axis (conventional Stern–Gerlach experiment), while at resonance (ω = −γH 0 ) the direction of quantization is the x axis in the rotating reference frame (transverse Stern–Gerlach experiment). The experiment, which was performed at 7.2 Mc, is described in detail.
We describe the results of three sets of experiments to investigate producing cold slow collimated potassium atoms for applications with no access available for the introduction of counterpropagating laser light along the exiting atomic beam's axis. Velocity profiles are obtained via fluorescence from D1 excitation at perpendicular and nearly parallel incidence by a probe laser. Spatial profiles of both the cold- and residual hot-beam components are measured with a position-scanned hot-wire detector. Velocity-component holes and decelerated cold components are observed, along with direct evidence of perpendicular heating of the cold components. A first set of experiments uses a variant of conventional chirp cooling and/or hole burning. Light is introduced by a heated inclined mirror, while atoms exit through a slit in the mirror. Loss of intensity at low velocity is observed and discussed. A second set of experiments investigates velocity-selective optical-pumping crossover resonances that occur near the mirror, where the incident and reflected beams overlap for several alternative geometries. A third set of experiments investigates cold-beam production using laser-induced velocity selection and deflection. It provides a higher cold-atom intensity, along with the means to perform high-resolution spectroscopy.
Abstract The basic components of a light-scattering experiment include a scattering region, with the atoms of interest illuminated by a parallel beam of light, and a detector that measures the scattered intensity at some finite angle to the direction of the incident beam. The scattering at small angles is usually difficult to resolve from the transmitted incident beam itself, and it is convenient in many experiments to measure the light scattered at right angles. In high-resolution studies, the atoms may be injected into the scattering region in the form of a beam in the third mutually perpendicular direction, to minimize the Doppler broadening of the scattered light.