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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Teleportation-based Protocols with Hybrid Entanglement of Light

Tom Darras, Adrien Cavaillès, Hanna Le Jeannic, Huazhuo Dong, Beate E. Asenbeck, Giovanni Guccione, Julien Laurat

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report an entanglement swapping protocol implemented between single-photon entanglement and hybrid discrete- and continuous-variables entanglement of light, allowing the connection of disparate nodes in a heterogeneously-structured quantum internet.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.fm3m.1

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Recent advances in quantum technologies are rapidly stimulating the building of quantum networks. With the parallel development of multiple physical platforms and different types of encodings, a challenge for present and future networks is to uphold a heterogeneous structure for full functionality and therefore support modular systems that are not necessarily compatible with one another. Central to this endeavor is the capability to distribute and interconnect optical entangled states relying on different discrete and continuous quantum variables. Here, we report an entanglement swapping protocol connecting such entangled states. We generate single-photon entanglement and hybrid entanglement between particle- and wave-like optical qubits and then demonstrate the heralded creation of hybrid entanglement at a distance by using a specific Bell-state measurement. This ability opens up the prospect of connecting heterogeneous nodes of a network, with the promise of increased integration and novel functionalities.
The wave-particle duality of light has led to two different encodings of optical quantum information. One approach, referred to as the discrete-variable (DV) one, relies on finite dimensional quantum systems, while the other one, referred to as the continuous-variable (CV) one, is based on wave-like states belonging to an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. These two encodings have historically been separated, but recently, new hybrid protocols which aim at combining the advantages of the two encodings have emerged [1] . In that prospect our recent demonstration of the measurement-induced generation of hybrid entanglement between discrete- and continuous-variable quantum states [2] , [3] , located at distant places and connected by a lossy channel, has opened the way to the implementation of hybrid protocols and heterogeneous quantum networks. Following the first protocols based on this resource, such as the remote preparation of continuous-variable qubits [4] , or a violation of an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering inequality [5] , we will here report our latest experimental results on entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation protocols using hybrid entangled states based on different encodings [6] .
By coherently combining advantages while largely avoiding limitations of two mainstream platforms, optical hybrid entanglement involving both discrete and continuous variables has recently garnered widespread attention and emerged as a promising idea for building heterogenous quantum networks. In contrast to previous results, here we propose a new scheme to remotely generate hybrid entanglement between discrete polarization and continuous quadrature optical qubits heralded by two-photon Bell-state measurement. As a novel nonclassical light resource, we further use it to discuss two examples of ways—entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation—in which quantum information processing and communications could make use of this hybrid technique.
Protocoles de téléportation quantique reposant sur l'intrication hybride de la lumière Cette thèse porte sur l'implémentation de protocoles de téléportation quantique impliquant conjointement les approches en variables discrètes et en variables continues de l'information quantique optique. Nous commençons par présenter l'intérêt de ces protocoles dans le cadre des réseaux quantiques hétérogènes, puis nous introduisons les techniques expérimentales pour la production d'états non-Gaussiens tels que des photons uniques, des chats de Schrödinger optiques, jusqu'à l'intrication hybride de la lumière entre des états quantiques en variables discrètes et continues. Nous développons un nouvel outil expérimental pour la mise en place d'une mesure de Bell qui intègre des techniques de comptage de photon et de sélection de quadratures du champ. Nous combinons ces méthodes en réalisant un protocole de transfert d'intrication entre deux états intriqués de natures différentes: une intrication à un photon et une intrication hybride de la lumière. Nous décrivons ensuite la mise en place d'une source de photons uniques annoncés supplémentaire et d'un système de cryogénie pour le fonctionnement de détecteurs de photon supraconducteurs. Enfin nous employons ces nouvelles ressources dans un protocole de téléportation quantique hybride permettant la conversion d'information quantique de variables discrètes à variables continues. Ces travaux ouvrent la voie à l'interconnexion de plateformes de natures différentes dans les réseaux quantiques hétérogènes.
In optical quantum information, one can distinguish two approaches: the discrete-variable (DV), involving single photons, for example c0|0〉 + c1|1〉, and the continuous-variable alternative (CV) encoding information into the quadrature components of the light field. In this CV approach, qubits can be implemented as superposition of coherent states of opposite phases, |cat ±〉 = |α〉 ± |−α〉, also called optical Schrodinger cat states. Combining these two approaches has recently led to a so-called optical hybrid quantum information aiming at merging the properties of both [1]. As both encodings have their own advantages and drawbacks, transferring information between them is a requirement which can be fulfill by teleportation using hybrid entanglement between particle-like qubits and wave-like qubits, i.e. entanglement of the form |0〉|α〉 + |1〉|−α〉.
Quantum teleportation, a transfer protocol of quantum states, is the essence of many sophisticated quantum information protocols. There have been two complementary approaches to optical quantum teleportation: discrete variables (DVs) and continuous variables (CVs). However, both approaches have pros and cons. Here we take a “hybrid” approach to overcome the current limitations: CV quantum teleportation of DVs. This approach enabled the first realization of deterministic quantum teleportation of photonic qubits without post-selection. We also applied the hybrid scheme to several experiments, including entanglement swapping between DVs and CVs, conditional CV teleportation of single photons, and CV teleportation of qutrits. We are now aiming at universal, scalable, and fault-tolerant quantum computing based on these hybrid technologies.