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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Near-Unity Efficiency “Photonic Hourglass” Single-Photon Source

Martin Arentoft Jacobsen, Benedek Gaál, Luca Vannucci, Niels Gregersen

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the “photonic hourglass” structure as a candidate for a highly efficient single-photon source design. We demonstrate a computed spontaneous emission β factor above 0.99, enabled by suppression of the background emission.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2021.jw1a.33

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An on-going challenge within scalable optical quantum information processing is to increase the collection efficiency ε and the photon indistinguishability η of the single-photon source toward unity. Within quantum dot-based sources, the prospect of increasing the product εη arbitrarily close to unity was recently questioned. In this work, we discuss the influence of the trade-off between efficiency and indistinguishability in the presence of phonon-induced decoherence, and we show that the photonic “hourglass” design allows for improving εη beyond the predicted maximum for the standard micropillar design subject to this trade-off. This circumvention of the trade-off is possible thanks to control of the spontaneous emission into background radiation modes, and our work highlights the importance of engineering of the background emission in future pursuits of near-unity performance of quantum dot single-photon sources.
A quantum emitter efficiently coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide constitutes a promising system for the realization of single-photon transistors, quantum-logic gates based on giant single-photon nonlinearities, and high bit-rate deterministic single-photon sources. The key figure of merit for such devices is the β factor, which is the probability for an emitted single photon to be channeled into a desired waveguide mode. We report on the experimental achievement of β=98.43%±0.04% for a quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide, corresponding to a single-emitter cooperativity of η=62.7±1.5. This constitutes a nearly ideal photon-matter interface where the quantum dot acts effectively as a 1D "artificial" atom, since it interacts almost exclusively with just a single propagating optical mode. The β factor is found to be remarkably robust to variations in position and emission wavelength of the quantum dots. Our work demonstrates the extraordinary potential of photonic crystal waveguides for highly efficient single-photon generation and on-chip photon-photon interaction.