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Photonics for Quantum (PfQ)

Control of Spatial Quantum Correlations in Entangled Twin Beams

Alberto M. Marino

Published Jul 15, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The spatial degree of freedom of quantum states of light can offer new possibilities for imaging and sensing applications, such as enhanced optical resolution, noiseless image amplification, and enhanced beam positioning. In order to take full advantage of the spatial degree of freedom for practical applications, it is necessary to control the quantum correlations between the spatial modes that make up a quantum state of light. In this talk, I will present our study of the spatial quantum correlations in bright entangled twin beams and show that it is possible to obtain full control over their distribution.

DOI
10.1117/12.2603532

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The spatial degree of freedom of quantum states of light can offer new possibilities for imaging and sensing applications, such as enhanced optical resolution, noiseless image amplification, and enhanced beam positioning. In order to take full advantage of the spatial degree of freedom for practical applications, it is necessary to control the quantum correlations between the spatial modes that make up a quantum state of light. In this talk, I will present our study of the spatial quantum correlations in bright entangled twin beams and show that it is possible to obtain full control over their distribution.
The ability to use the temporal and spatial degrees of freedom of quantum states of light to encode and transmit information is crucial for a robust and efficient quantum network. In particular, the potential offered by the large dimensionality of the spatial degree of freedom remains unfulfilled, as the necessary level of control required to encode information remains elusive. We encode information in the distribution of the spatial correlations of entangled twin beams by taking advantage of their dependence on the angular spectrum of the pump needed for four-wave mixing. We show that the encoded information can only be extracted through joint spatial measurements of the twin beams and not through individual beam measurements and that the temporal quantum correlations are not modified. The ability to engineer the spatial properties of twin beams will enable high-capacity quantum networks and quantum-enhanced spatially resolved sensing and imaging.
Quantum states of light with multiple spatial modes are fundamental for quantum imaging and parallel quantum information processing. Thus, their characterization, which can be achieved through measurements of the coherence area, is an important area of research. We present a comparative study between different measurement techniques for the coherence area of bright entangled twin beams of light. The first one is a direct measurement based on correlation measurements between spatial intensity fluctuations of the twin beams while the second one is based on a noise analysis of different spatial regions in the temporal domain. We generate the bright entangled twin beams with a four-wave mixing process in a hot rubidium vapor cell and capture images of the twin beams with an electron-multiplying charge-coupled-device camera. We show that the time domain measurements, which provides a significantly less complicated measurement scheme, provides an estimate of the size of the coherence area of the same order of magnitude as the direct measurement done in the spatial domain.
Properties of quantum states have disclosed new and revolutionary technologies, ranging from quantum information to quantum imaging. This last field is intended to overcome the limits of classical imaging by exploiting specific properties of quantum states of light. One of the most interesting proposed schemes exploits spatial quantum correlations between twin beams for realizing sub-shot-noise imaging of weakly absorbing objects, leading ideally to a noise-free imaging. Here we discuss in detail the experimental realization of this scheme, showing its capability to reach a larger signal-to-noise ratio with respect to classical imaging methods and therefore its potential for future practical applications.