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Fluid Dynamicists Need to Add Quantum Mechanics into their Toolbox

Wael Itani

Published Feb 5, 2021• 3 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The Navier-Stokes equations describing fluid dynamics predate the thorough development of thermodynamics, let alone quantum mechanics. This is disconcerting given the utility of the hydrodynamic interpretation in the latter field. In this piece, we motivate the modernization of the fluid dynamics field through the progress that has been made in quantum mechanics and quantum computing.

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The coexistence of quantum coherence, nonlinear fluid dynamics, and biomolecular π-fields within biological and nanoscale systems requires a unified mathematical description. Classical hydrodynamics alone fails to capture coherence propagation, while the linear Schrödinger equation cannot model dissipation, viscosity, or turbulence. Here, I introduce the Schrödinger–Navier–Stokes–π Unified Computational Framework, a novel equation set combining: the quantum phase field of the Schrödinger equation, the viscous and nonlinear transport of Navier–Stokes dynamics, the curvature-driven quantum π-potential, and a hybrid Hamiltonian–dissipative evolution capturing both coherence and irreversible flow. This framework predicts quantum-fluid transitions, π-induced tunneling acceleration, coherence-enhanced mixing, nanoscale turbulence, and dynamic switching between classical and quantum transport regimes. It provides a general model applicable to biology, nanotechnology, photonics, and quantum materials. Keywords : Quantum Hydrodynamics Navier–Stokes Schrödinger Equation Unified Computational Framework π-field Dynamics Quantum Fluid Mechanics Hybrid Quantum-Classical Transport Coherence-Based Models Quantum Biology Nanoscale Transport Bio-Quantum Modeling Quantum Potential Quantum Fluid Engineering Biophysical Modeling Nonlinear Dynamics Computational Physics High-Order Numerical Methods Dissipative Quantum Systems Biomolecular Channels Quantum-Inspired Computing

•Dec 5, 2025•0 citations
The Navier-Stokes equations describing fluid dynamics predate the thorough development of thermodynamics, let alone quantum mechanics. This is disconcerting given the utility of the hydrodynamic interpretation in the latter field. In this piece, we motivate the modernization of the fluid dynamics field through the progress that has been made in quantum mechanics and quantum computing.
Transcending its origin in the debate on the interpretation of quantum theory, the continuous deterministic trajectory has proved a potent tool in computational quantum mechanics (an excellent introduction to numerical trajectory techniques is provided by Wyatt’s text [1]). It is straightforward to develop a method to derive the timedependent Schrödinger equation from a single-valued continuum of spacetime trajectories, and supply a corresponding exact formula for the wavefunction [2].Anatural language for this theory of evolution is offered by the hydrodynamic analogy, in which wave mechanics corresponds to the Eulerian picture (as shown by Madelung [3]) and the trajectory theory to the Lagrangian picture. The Lagrangian model for the quantum fluid may be developed from a variational principle involving a specific interaction potential (the quantum internal potential energy), and the Euler-Lagrange equations imply a nonlinear partial differential equation to calculate the trajectories of the fluid particles as functions of their initial coordinates and the initial wavefunction. The latter supplies two sets of data to the particle model: the initial density (via the amplitude) and the initial velocity (via the phase). The time-dependent wavefunction is then computed via the standard map between the Lagrangian coordinates and the Eulerian fields.
The Navier-Stokes equations are paradigmatic equations describing hydrodynamics of an interacting system with microscopic interactions encoded in transport coefficients. In this work we show how the Navier-Stokes equations arise from the microscopic dynamics of nearly integrable 1D quantum many-body systems. We build upon the recently developed hydrodynamics of integrable models to study the effective Boltzmann equation with collision integral taking into account the non-integrable interactions. We compute the transport coefficients and find that the resulting Navier-Stokes equations have two regimes, which differ in the viscous properties of the fluid. We illustrate the method by computing the transport coefficients for an experimentally relevant case of coupled 1D cold-atomic gases.
The coexistence of quantum coherence, nonlinear fluid dynamics, and biomolecular π-fields within biological and nanoscale systems requires a unified mathematical description. Classical hydrodynamics alone fails to capture coherence propagation, while the linear Schrödinger equation cannot model dissipation, viscosity, or turbulence. Here, I introduce the Schrödinger–Navier–Stokes–π Unified Computational Framework, a novel equation set combining: the quantum phase field of the Schrödinger equation, the viscous and nonlinear transport of Navier–Stokes dynamics, the curvature-driven quantum π-potential, and a hybrid Hamiltonian–dissipative evolution capturing both coherence and irreversible flow. This framework predicts quantum-fluid transitions, π-induced tunneling acceleration, coherence-enhanced mixing, nanoscale turbulence, and dynamic switching between classical and quantum transport regimes. It provides a general model applicable to biology, nanotechnology, photonics, and quantum materials. Keywords : Quantum Hydrodynamics Navier–Stokes Schrödinger Equation Unified Computational Framework π-field Dynamics Quantum Fluid Mechanics Hybrid Quantum-Classical Transport Coherence-Based Models Quantum Biology Nanoscale Transport Bio-Quantum Modeling Quantum Potential Quantum Fluid Engineering Biophysical Modeling Nonlinear Dynamics Computational Physics High-Order Numerical Methods Dissipative Quantum Systems Biomolecular Channels Quantum-Inspired Computing