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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Exchange of Spin and Orbital Angular Momentum Between an Ultracold Bose Gas and Optical Angular Momentum Beams

Kevin Wright, Andrew B. Kowalik, L. Suzanne Leslie, Michael Vern Pack, N. P. Bigelow

Published Jun 6, 2007• 0 citations
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The exchange of orbital angular momentum (OAM) between paraxial optical vortex and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of atomic gases is well known. In this paper, we develop a theory for the microscopic interaction between matter and an optical vortex beyond paraxial approximation. We show how superposition of vortex states of BEC can be created with a focused optical vortex. Since the polarization or spin angular momentum (SAM) of the optical field is coupled with OAM of the field, in this case, these angular momenta can be transferred to the internal electronic and external center-of-mass motion of atoms provided both the motions are coupled. We propose a scheme for producing the superposition of matter-wave vortices using Gaussian and a focused Laguerre-Gaussian beam. We study how two-photon Rabi frequencies of stimulated Raman transitions vary with focusing angles for different combinations of OAM and SAM of optical states. We demonstrate the formation of vortex-antivortex structure and discuss interference of three vortex states in a BEC.

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Superradiant exchange of orbital angular momentum between light and cold atoms

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An analysis of superradiant scattering of light by ultracold atoms is presented in which the pump and scattered light consist of hollow counterrotating Laguerre-Gaussian beams possessing orbital angular momentum. It is shown that the interaction between the Laguerre-Gaussian beams and the atoms can give rise to a superradiant instability in which orbital angular momentum is transferred to the atoms and the probe field is amplified. In the case where the atoms constitute a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) that is trapped in a one-dimensional ring geometry, the transfer of orbital angular momentum to the BEC during the instability means that the BEC spontaneously develops rotation in the ring.

Physical Review A•Feb 28, 2012•8 citations
The exchange of orbital angular momentum (OAM) between paraxial optical vortex and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of atomic gases is well known. In this paper, we develop a theory for the microscopic interaction between matter and an optical vortex beyond paraxial approximation. We show how superposition of vortex states of BEC can be created with a focused optical vortex. Since the polarization or spin angular momentum (SAM) of the optical field is coupled with OAM of the field, in this case, these angular momenta can be transferred to the internal electronic and external center-of-mass motion of atoms provided both the motions are coupled. We propose a scheme for producing the superposition of matter-wave vortices using Gaussian and a focused Laguerre-Gaussian beam. We study how two-photon Rabi frequencies of stimulated Raman transitions vary with focusing angles for different combinations of OAM and SAM of optical states. We demonstrate the formation of vortex-antivortex structure and discuss interference of three vortex states in a BEC.
We propose a reconfigurable way to convert the polarization of light into orbital angular momentum using a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC). In conventional optics, this conversion is performed by a q -plate, a patterned birefringent element that couples circular polarization (spin angular momentum) to a helical wavefront (orbital angular momentum). Here, we show that an in-plane spin (or nematic) texture in a spinor BEC can play the same role: it imprints a geometric phase that converts incident circularly polarized light into a new orbital-angular-momentum channel set by the texture winding number q . In the low-loss, adiabatic regime, we derive a closed-form mapping for the transmitted field, which yields a quantized selection rule Δ ℓ =2 s q ( s =±1) and a simple back-action law for the reaction torque on the condensate. Notably, the predicted torque vanishes at q =1 in the ideal limit, providing a clear experimental signature of angular-momentum exchange. We analyze robustness to smooth azimuthal distortions and identify breakdown when defects form or loss dominates. Monte Carlo sampling and two-component beam-propagation simulations confirm the predicted conversion efficiency, OAM spectrum, and torque response.
An analysis of superradiant scattering of light by ultracold atoms is presented in which the pump and scattered light consist of hollow counterrotating Laguerre-Gaussian beams possessing orbital angular momentum. It is shown that the interaction between the Laguerre-Gaussian beams and the atoms can give rise to a superradiant instability in which orbital angular momentum is transferred to the atoms and the probe field is amplified. In the case where the atoms constitute a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) that is trapped in a one-dimensional ring geometry, the transfer of orbital angular momentum to the BEC during the instability means that the BEC spontaneously develops rotation in the ring.