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EPJ Quantum Technology

Accelerating quantum computer developments

Garrelt Alberts, Michiel Adriaan Rol, Thorsten Last, Benno W. Broer, Cornelis Christiaan Bultink, Matthijs S. C. Rijlaarsdam, Amber E. Van Hauwermeiren

Published Jul 8, 2021• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Product development Given the recent breakthroughs in quantum technology development in R& D labs all over the world, the perspective of high-tech companies has changed. Product development is initiated next to the existing research and technology development activities. Quantum computer product roadmap Considering the quantum computer as a product requires standardization and integration of all its building blocks and a mature supply chain that can provide high-quality components and can ensure security of supply. The product development approach puts focus on functionality and performance requirements of the product and uses state-of-the-art technology to build the product. Based on the expected requirements of future products it is possible to outline a product development roadmap. It is expected that a fully functional quantum computer will be available within a decade from now, and will be used by the High Performance Computing (HPC) market, where it will replace (part of) the supercomputers that are currently used for complex calculations and data management. In the short term, a partly functional quantum computer will be available and of interest to the R&D market, which has a need for such a product to expedite their quantum technology developments. ImpaQT project In this paper, we present the product development approach and roadmap for quantum computers, based on superconducting circuits as an example. A group of companies in the Dutch quantum ecosystem ( Quantum Delta ) have joined forces and have started the ImpaQT project. The companies of the ImpaQT consortium form a local supply chain for key components of quantum computers. This paper shows that quantum community has reached the next level of maturity and that the quantum computer as a commercial product looks set to become a reality.

DOI
10.1140/epjqt/s40507-021-00107-w

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The field of quantum computing has evolved into a large interdisciplinary community where significant resources are invested worldwide. As a result, accelerated progress is achieved and we are at the beginning of a new age of computation, developing programmable quantum systems towards universal quantum computers. Quantum computers promise to solve certain mathematical problems that are intractable to classical computers. Quantum computing systems are built from the bottom up reaching the limits of what can be classically simulated. The IBM Quantum Development Roadmap describes our vision of creating a quantum computing ecosystem delivering quantum applications through the cloud. This requires developing the entire quantum computing stack starting from the qubit and quantum processor technology, control electronics to software, algorithms and applications for quantum computing, implemented in the cloud and integrated with high performance computing. In this presentation the recent developments of our quantum computing systems and the scientific advances that enabled scaling superconducting quantum processors to 127 qubits are presented. Besides scale, also quality and speed will be discussed building the key metric for measuring the performance of quantum computation. Examples of applications where the computational power of quantum computing could make a difference are provided.
"Quantum supremacy" is such a level of performance of a quantum computer that it provides solutions to problems requiring practically unattainable power from conventional supercomputers. As of today, quantum supremacy is achieved only on some model tasks by several quantum computers, but the development of quantum computing is going on all over the world. The development of quantum computing includes not only the creation of quantum computers, but also the creation of infrastructure for access to computing power, the development of software, and the capability to use quantum computers together with conventional supercomputers. The countries in which these laboratories have been formed have become leaders in the field of quantum computing. Quantum computer laboratories focus on the development, modeling, integration, and adaptation of practical applications for the new quantum computer. The presentation of the first quantum computer is an important milestone. This is not a one-off initiative, but part of a broad strategy for promoting breakthrough technologies in various fields. All these efforts are part of an international strategic plan for the development of quantum computing aimed at maintaining the technological leadership of developers, preserving the competitiveness of high-tech industry, and ensuring the sustainable economic growth of smart technologies.
Quantum computing systems are developing rapidly as powerful solvers for a variety of real-world calculations. Traditionally, many of these same applications are solved using conventional high-performance computing (HPC) systems, which have progressed sharply through decades of hardware and software improvements. Here, we present a perspective on the motivations and challenges of pairing quantum computing systems with modern HPC infrastructure. We outline considerations and requirements for the use cases, macroarchitecture, microarchitecture, and programming models needed to integrate near-term quantum computers with HPC system, and we conclude with the expectation that such efforts are well within reach of current technology.
Quantum computing technologies have become a hot topic in academia and industry receiving much attention and financial support from all sides. Building a quantum computer that can be used practically is in itself an outstanding challenge that has become the ‘new race to the moon’. Next to researchers and vendors of future computing technologies, national authorities are showing strong interest in maturing this technology due to its known potential to break many of today’s encryption techniques, which would have significant and potentially disruptive impact on our society. It is, however, quite likely that quantum computing has beneficial impact on many computational disciplines. In this article we describe our vision of future developments in scientific computing that would be enabled by the advent of software-programmable quantum computers. We thereby assume that quantum computers will form part of a hybrid accelerated computing platform like GPUs and co-processor cards do today. In particular, we address the potential of quantum algorithms to bring major breakthroughs in applied mathematics and its applications. Finally, we give several examples that demonstrate the possible impact of quantum-accelerated scientific computing on society.
The progress of Quantum Computing has significantly accelerated in recent years due to increased resources for research and development across the world. The focus has changed from just building quantum devices to establishing a quantum computing system including software and applications. An overview of the recent advancements of superconducting quantum computing systems is provided including the achievements made to scale processors to 127-qubit and scale up to 4000 qubits in 2025. Three key metrics are defined, scale, quality, and speed to holistically measure performance. The computational capabilities of today's quantum chips can be extended by adding classical resources using circuit knitting techniques to reach quantum advantage.
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