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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

ANTI Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference on a Lossy Beamsplitter

Anton N. Vetlugin, Ruixiang Guo, Cesare Soci, Nikolay I. Zheludev

Published Jan 1, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate for the first time that, in contrast to classical Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment performed with a dissipation-free beamsplitter, pairs of photons with fermionic spatial wavefunction ‘coalesce’ while bosonic pairs anti-coalesce on a lossy beamsplitter.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.ff2i.8

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Abstract Two-photon interference, known as the Hong–Ou–Mandel effect, has colossal implications for quantum technology. It was observed in 1987 with two photodetectors monitoring outputs of the beamsplitter illuminated by photon pairs: the coincidence rate of the detectors drops to zero when detected photons overlap in time. More broadly, bosons (e.g. photons) coalesce while fermions (e.g. electrons) anti-coalesce when interfering on a lossless beamsplitter. Quantum interference of bosons and fermions can be tested in a single—photonics platform, where bosonic and fermionic states are artificially created as pairs of entangled photons with symmetric and anti-symmetric spatial wavefunctions. We observed that interference on a lossy beamsplitter of a subwavelength thickness, or a coherent perfect absorber, reverses quantum interference in such a way that bosonic states anti-coalesce while fermionic states exhibit coalescent-like behavior. The ability to generate states of light with different statistics and manipulate their interference offers important opportunities for quantum information and metrology.
The Hong–Ou–Mandel interference experiment is a fundamental demonstration of nonclassical interference and a basis for many investigations of quantum information. This experiment involves the interference of two photons reaching a symmetric beamsplitter. When the photons are made indistinguishable in all possible ways, an interference of quantum amplitudes results in both photons always leaving the same beamsplitter output port. Thus, a scan of distinguishable parameters, such as the arrival time difference of the photons reaching the beamsplitter, produces a dip in the coincidences measured at the outputs of the beamsplitter. The main challenge for its implementation as an undergraduate laboratory is the alignment of the photon paths at the beamsplitter. We overcome this difficulty by using a pre-aligned commercial fiber-coupled beamsplitter. In addition, we use waveplates to vary the distinguishability of the photons by their state of polarization. We present a theoretical description at the introductory quantum mechanics level of the two types of experiments, plus a discussion of the apparatus alignment and list of parts needed.
In this presentation, we report direct evidence of the bosonic nature of SPPs in a scattering-based beamsplitter, in one of the most simple experiments of quantum optics - done using SPPs instead of photons propagating in air. A parametric down-conversion source is used to produce two indistinguishable photons, each of which is converted into a SPP on a metal-stripe waveguide and then made to interact through a semi-transparent Bragg mirror. In this plasmonic analog of the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment, we measure a coincidence dip with a visibility of 72%, the signature that SPPs are bosons and that quantum interference is clearly involved.