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Photonics / A versatile quantum simulator for coupled oscillators using a 1D chain of atoms trapped near an optical nanofiber

Daniela Holzmann, Sonnleitner, M., Ritsch, H.

Published Jan 1, 2021• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The transversely confined propagating light modes of a nanophotonic optical waveguide or nanofiber can effectively mediate infinite-range forces. We show that for a linear chain of particles trapped within the waveguide’s evanescent field, transverse illumination with a suitable set of laser frequencies should allow the implementation of a coupled-oscillator quantum simulator with time-dependent and widely controllable all-to-all interactions. Using the example of the energy spectrum of oscillators with simulated Coulomb interactions, we show that different effective coupling geometries can be emulated with high precision by proper choice of laser illumination conditions. Similarly, basic quantum gates can be selectively implemented between arbitrarily chosen pairs of oscillators in the energy as well as in the coherent-state basis. Key properties of the system dynamics and states can be monitored continuously by analysis of the out-coupled fiber fields.

DOI
10.3390/photonics8060228

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The transversely confined propagating light modes of a nanophotonic optical waveguide or nanofiber can effectively mediate infinite-range forces. We show that for a linear chain of particles trapped within the waveguide’s evanescent field, transverse illumination with a suitable set of laser frequencies should allow the implementation of a coupled-oscillator quantum simulator with time-dependent and widely controllable all-to-all interactions. Using the example of the energy spectrum of oscillators with simulated Coulomb interactions, we show that different effective coupling geometries can be emulated with high precision by proper choice of laser illumination conditions. Similarly, basic quantum gates can be selectively implemented between arbitrarily chosen pairs of oscillators in the energy as well as in the coherent-state basis. Key properties of the system dynamics and states can be monitored continuously by analysis of the out-coupled fiber fields.
The transversely confined propagating light modes of a nanophotonic optical waveguide or nanofiber can effectively mediate infinite-range forces. We show that for a linear chain of particles trapped within the waveguide’s evanescent field, transverse illumination with a suitable set of laser frequencies should allow the implementation of a coupled-oscillator quantum simulator with time-dependent and widely controllable all-to-all interactions. Using the example of the energy spectrum of oscillators with simulated Coulomb interactions, we show that different effective coupling geometries can be emulated with high precision by proper choice of laser illumination conditions. Similarly, basic quantum gates can be selectively implemented between arbitrarily chosen pairs of oscillators in the energy as well as in the coherent-state basis. Key properties of the system dynamics and states can be monitored continuously by analysis of the out-coupled fiber fields.
Summary form only given. Developing light-matter interfaces is a crucial capability with unique applications to quantum optics and quantum information networks [1]. In this context, our group focuses on the study of interactions between photons guided by nanoscale waveguides and arrays of trapped atoms. Nanoscale waveguides offer a compelling platform because of the tight transverse confinement of the propagating light, the strong photon-atom coupling in single pass, and the potential long-range atom-atom interaction mediated by the guided photons [2]. Our platform, based on an optical nanofiber, already allowed the demonstration of an all-fibered optical memory with a storage and retrieval efficiency ri = 10% and a high SNR at the single photon level [3]. Then, by using an optical lattice in the evanescent field surrounding the nanofiber with a period close to commensurate with the resonant wavelength, we demonstrated large Bragg reflection by the 1D array of trapped atoms [4].
Abstract Recent advances in the coherent control of single quanta of light, photons , is a topic of prime interest, and is discussed under the banner of quantum photonics . In the last decade, the subwavelength diameter waist of a tapered optical fiber, referred to as an optical nanofiber , has opened promising new avenues in the field of quantum optics, paving the way toward a versatile platform for quantum photonics applications. The key feature of the technique is that the optical field can be tightly confined in the transverse direction while propagating over long distances as a guided mode and enabling strong interaction with the surrounding medium in the evanescent region. This feature has led to surprising possibilities to manipulate single atoms and fiber-guided photons, e.g. the efficient channeling of emission from single atoms and solid-state quantum emitters into the fiber-guided modes, high optical depth with a few atoms around the nanofiber, trapping atoms around a nanofiber, and atomic memories for fiber-guided photons. Furthermore, implementing a moderate longitudinal confinement in nanofiber cavities has enabled the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics to be reached, and the long-range dipole–dipole interaction between quantum emitters mediated by the nanofiber offers a platform for quantum nonlinear optics with an ensemble of atoms. In addition, the presence of a longitudinal component of the guided field has led to unique capabilities for chiral light–matter interactions on nanofibers. In this article, we review the key developments of the nanofiber technology toward a vision for quantum photonics on an all-fiber interface.
Summary form only given. Reversible light-matter interfaces are crucial elements in quantum optics and quantum information networks. In particular, the coupling of one-dimensional bosonic nanoscale waveguides and cold atoms appears as a promising pathway to build strong light-matter interaction thanks to the tight transverse confinement of light.Recently, our group has developed an interface where light, tightly guided by a subwavelength-diameter optical fiber (nanofiber), strongly interacts with atoms near its vicinity. In this case, a single atom close to the surface can absorb a non-negligible fraction of the guided light, as the effective area of the mode is comparable with the atomic cross-section. Moreover, using this configuration, it is possible to generate an in-fiber dipole trap for atoms in the vicinity of the waveguide. Using this all-fibered interface we have recently demonstrated the realization of an optical memory at the single photon level [1]. Here, we will describe the most recent result using this new interface: the observation of a large Bragg reflection off a 1D optical lattice [2]. The ability to control photon transport in 1D waveguides coupled to spin systems would allow for novel quantum network capabilities and many-body effects emerging from long-range interactions.
Optical nanofibers provide a versatile platform for exploring strong light-matter interactions at the single-quantum level, a central goal of quantum optics. Their subwavelength diameter supports tightly confined guided modes with strong evanescent fields, enabling efficient coupling between photons and nearby atoms. By incorporating fiber Bragg gratings, nanofibers can form fully fiber-integrated high-finesse cavities, combining strong atom-photon coupling with efficient and low-loss optical input-output interfacing in the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). In parallel, nanofiber systems naturally realize waveguide QED, where atoms interact strongly with propagating photons in a one-dimensional geometry. In this review, we introduce the underlying physical principles, summarize key experimental techniques and representative phenomena, and discuss prospects for applications in quantum information processing, quantum networks, and related quantum technologies.