Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physics Open

Efficient atomic memory using electromagnetically induced absorption

Weliton Soares Martins, Deyvison M. Conrado, Victor Ádony, S. Barreiro, Marcos Oriá, Martine Chevrollier, Rafael Alves De Oliveira

Published Jun 27, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We report on a detailed theoretical investigation of optical information storage in an atomic ensemble modeled by a four-level N-type system, in a nonlinear regime of interaction, where one of the writing fields is large enough to saturate the optical transition. We study the optical pulse generated from a medium in condition of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) or electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that in the EIA condition the energy and the maximum intensity of the pulse extracted are much larger than in the EIT condition. When the information is stored in the EIA condition the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the optical pulse generated is larger than when extracted in the EIT condition. The energy and maximum intensity of the optical pulse generated are found to have the same decay time whether the information was stored in EIA or EIT conditions. Our work demonstrates a higher efficiency in extracting energy in the saturated regime from an atomic memory based on EIA than from one in EIT condition.

DOI
10.1016/j.physo.2021.100081

Related papers

Slow And Stored Light Under Conditions Of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency And Four Wave Mixing In An Atomic Vapor

Nathaniel B. Phillips

The recent prospect of efficient, reliable, and secure quantum communication relies on the ability to coherently and reversibly map nonclassical states of light onto long-lived atomic states. A promising technique that accomplishes this employs Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), in which a strong classical control field modifies the optical properties of a weak signal field in such a way that a previously opaque medium becomes transparent to the signal field. The accompanying steep dispersion in the index of refraction allows for pulses of light to be decelerated, then stored as an atomic excitation, and later retrieved as a photonic mode. This dissertation presents the results of investigations into methods for optimizing the memory efficiency of this process in an ensemble of hot Rb atoms. We have experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of two protocols for yielding the best memory efficiency possible at a given atomic density. Improving memory efficiency requires operation at higher optical depths, where undesired effects such as four-wave mixing (FWM) become enhanced and can spontaneously produce a new optical mode (Stokes field). We present the results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the FWM-EIT interaction under continuous-wave (cw), slow light, and stored light conditions. In particular, we provide evidence that indicates that while a Stokes field is generated upon retrieval of the signal field, any information originally encoded in a seeded Stokes field is not independently preserved during the storage process. We present a simple model that describes the propagation dynamics and provides an intuitive description of the EIT-FWM process.

•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations

Nonlinear Process in Atomic Coherent System

Junxiang Zhang

The quantum coherence of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), and Electromagnetically Induced Absorption (EIA) attracted a lot attention in nonlinear process, generation of squeezing, and long-distance communication. EIT and EIA are two opposite coherence effects, EIT can result in efficient nonlinear effects due to the transparency, and EIA may prohibit atoms from generation of nonlinearity due to its absorption, however, the nonlinear in EIA system with standing wave coupling can still be observed, and was interpreted as Electromagnetically Induced Absorption Grating (EIG). We experimentally investigated the coherence in hot atoms, and observed high efficiency of emission in EIA system in both of the cases that Bragg condition is satisfied or can’t be fulfilled. Based on our calculation, the reflection is explained as the result of Four-Wave Mixing, and is enhanced by the quantum coherence and the compensation of phase mismatch from anomalous dispersion of EIA.

Research in Optical Sciences•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations

Electromagnetically induced absorption in a four-state system

А. В. Тайченачев, Anatolii M Tumaikin, Valeriy I. Yudin

Summary form only given. It is well-known that nonlinear interference effects in the resonant atom-light interaction can lead to interesting and important phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium, coherent population trapping, lasing without inversion, and others. Common to all these phenomena is the appearance of light-induced coherence between atomic levels, which are not coupled by dipole transitions. Recently Akulshin and co-workers (1998-9) have observed subnatural-width resonances in the absorption on the D/sub 2/ line of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. It is remarkable that, apart from expected EIT-resonances with negative sign, authors detected positive resonances termed as electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). More recently, similar effects in a (3+5)-state system have been described as a result of constructive interference of the dipole excitation channels. We propose a simple theoretical model for EIA - a four-state N-atom. Remember that three-state /spl Lambda/- and V-systems give the EIT-resonances only.

Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•May 12, 2000•0 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption in Y-type system

Kalan Mal, Khairul Islam, Suman Mondal +2 more

The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.

Chinese Physics B•Mar 11, 2020•5 citations

Quantum memory of single-photon polarization qubits via double electromagnetically induced transparency

Qi Zhang, Guoxiang Huang

We present a theoretical investigation on the quantum memory of photonic polarization qubits via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The system we consider is a tripod-shaped four-level atomic system working under the condition of a double EIT, by which the storage and retrieval of a single-photon polarization qubit are implemented through the switching off and on of a control laser field, and the storage efficiency and the quantum-state fidelity for qubit memory are both calculated. We show that the optimal optical depth for acquiring the maximum efficiency and maximum fidelity of the qubit memory can be obtained simultaneously, which can be further improved by suppressing the optical absorption and dispersion via the choice of the time duration of the input qubit pulse and the amplitude of the control field. We also carry out a calculation on the quantum memory of a single-photon qudit by considering a multipod-shaped atomic-level configuration. The results reported here are useful for understanding the quantum transmission property of slow lights with multiple components and helpful for experimental realizations of high-quality memory of photonic qubits and qudits.

Physical Review A•Sep 24, 2021•9 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency and four-wave mixing in a cold atomic ensemble with large optical depth

Jiao Geng, Geoff Campbell, J. Bernu +7 more

We report on the delay of optical pulses using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an ensemble of cold atoms with an optical depth exceeding 500. To identify the regimes in which four-wave mixing (4WM) impacts on EIT behaviour, we conduct the experiment in both 85 Rb and 87 Rb. Comparison with theory shows excellent agreement in both isotopes. In 87 Rb negligible 4WM was observed and we obtained one pulse-width of delay with 50% efficiency. In 85 Rb 4WM contributes to the output. In this regime we achieve a delay-bandwidth product of 3.7 at 50% efficiency, allowing temporally multimode delay, which we demonstrate by compressing two pulses into the memory medium.

arXiv:1408.2316•New Journal of Physics•Nov 24, 2014•38 citations
We report on a detailed theoretical investigation of optical information storage in an atomic ensemble modeled by a four-level N-type system, in a nonlinear regime of interaction, where one of the writing fields is large enough to saturate the optical transition. We study the optical pulse generated from a medium in condition of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) or electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We show that in the EIA condition the energy and the maximum intensity of the pulse extracted are much larger than in the EIT condition. When the information is stored in the EIA condition the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the optical pulse generated is larger than when extracted in the EIT condition. The energy and maximum intensity of the optical pulse generated are found to have the same decay time whether the information was stored in EIA or EIT conditions. Our work demonstrates a higher efficiency in extracting energy in the saturated regime from an atomic memory based on EIA than from one in EIT condition.
The recent prospect of efficient, reliable, and secure quantum communication relies on the ability to coherently and reversibly map nonclassical states of light onto long-lived atomic states. A promising technique that accomplishes this employs Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), in which a strong classical control field modifies the optical properties of a weak signal field in such a way that a previously opaque medium becomes transparent to the signal field. The accompanying steep dispersion in the index of refraction allows for pulses of light to be decelerated, then stored as an atomic excitation, and later retrieved as a photonic mode. This dissertation presents the results of investigations into methods for optimizing the memory efficiency of this process in an ensemble of hot Rb atoms. We have experimentally demonstrated the effectiveness of two protocols for yielding the best memory efficiency possible at a given atomic density. Improving memory efficiency requires operation at higher optical depths, where undesired effects such as four-wave mixing (FWM) become enhanced and can spontaneously produce a new optical mode (Stokes field). We present the results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the FWM-EIT interaction under continuous-wave (cw), slow light, and stored light conditions. In particular, we provide evidence that indicates that while a Stokes field is generated upon retrieval of the signal field, any information originally encoded in a seeded Stokes field is not independently preserved during the storage process. We present a simple model that describes the propagation dynamics and provides an intuitive description of the EIT-FWM process.
The quantum coherence of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), and Electromagnetically Induced Absorption (EIA) attracted a lot attention in nonlinear process, generation of squeezing, and long-distance communication. EIT and EIA are two opposite coherence effects, EIT can result in efficient nonlinear effects due to the transparency, and EIA may prohibit atoms from generation of nonlinearity due to its absorption, however, the nonlinear in EIA system with standing wave coupling can still be observed, and was interpreted as Electromagnetically Induced Absorption Grating (EIG). We experimentally investigated the coherence in hot atoms, and observed high efficiency of emission in EIA system in both of the cases that Bragg condition is satisfied or can’t be fulfilled. Based on our calculation, the reflection is explained as the result of Four-Wave Mixing, and is enhanced by the quantum coherence and the compensation of phase mismatch from anomalous dispersion of EIA.
Summary form only given. It is well-known that nonlinear interference effects in the resonant atom-light interaction can lead to interesting and important phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium, coherent population trapping, lasing without inversion, and others. Common to all these phenomena is the appearance of light-induced coherence between atomic levels, which are not coupled by dipole transitions. Recently Akulshin and co-workers (1998-9) have observed subnatural-width resonances in the absorption on the D/sub 2/ line of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. It is remarkable that, apart from expected EIT-resonances with negative sign, authors detected positive resonances termed as electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). More recently, similar effects in a (3+5)-state system have been described as a result of constructive interference of the dipole excitation channels. We propose a simple theoretical model for EIA - a four-state N-atom. Remember that three-state /spl Lambda/- and V-systems give the EIT-resonances only.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
We present a theoretical investigation on the quantum memory of photonic polarization qubits via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The system we consider is a tripod-shaped four-level atomic system working under the condition of a double EIT, by which the storage and retrieval of a single-photon polarization qubit are implemented through the switching off and on of a control laser field, and the storage efficiency and the quantum-state fidelity for qubit memory are both calculated. We show that the optimal optical depth for acquiring the maximum efficiency and maximum fidelity of the qubit memory can be obtained simultaneously, which can be further improved by suppressing the optical absorption and dispersion via the choice of the time duration of the input qubit pulse and the amplitude of the control field. We also carry out a calculation on the quantum memory of a single-photon qudit by considering a multipod-shaped atomic-level configuration. The results reported here are useful for understanding the quantum transmission property of slow lights with multiple components and helpful for experimental realizations of high-quality memory of photonic qubits and qudits.
We report on the delay of optical pulses using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an ensemble of cold atoms with an optical depth exceeding 500. To identify the regimes in which four-wave mixing (4WM) impacts on EIT behaviour, we conduct the experiment in both 85 Rb and 87 Rb. Comparison with theory shows excellent agreement in both isotopes. In 87 Rb negligible 4WM was observed and we obtained one pulse-width of delay with 50% efficiency. In 85 Rb 4WM contributes to the output. In this regime we achieve a delay-bandwidth product of 3.7 at 50% efficiency, allowing temporally multimode delay, which we demonstrate by compressing two pulses into the memory medium.