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Algorithms for intelligent systems

Multi-Wave Mixing Process can be Used to Generate Single Photon Source for Quantum Information Processing

Priyanka Priyanka, Savita Gill

Published Jan 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-981-16-1048-6_32

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Single photon sources are a key building block for quantum information processing. A common approach uses spontaneous emitters based on parametric down conversion and four wave mixing. In 2005 experiments on the first spectrally engineered four wave mixing sources in fibre were published [1,2]. A primary obstacle for photonics to realize quantum-enhanced applications is loss. Designing single photon sources matched to single mode optical fibres greatly reduces coupling losses [3]. In addition, tailoring the phase matching properties of the sources to generate factorable photon pairs makes strong spectral filtering obsolete and thereby avoids the degradation of photon number correlations due to loss.
It is shown that an efficient, well-directional single-photon source can be realized via a four-wave mixing process in a cavity. The probability of producing a single-photon state nearly approaches 50%. The bandwidth of single-photons generated in this way is controllable, which is determined by that of the input pulse. Furthermore, we propose a scheme to generate a coherent multichannel single-photon source, which might have significant applications in wavelength division multiplexing quantum key distribution.
Single photons are of paramount importance to future quantum technologies, including quantum communication and computation. Nonlinear photonic devices using parametric processes offer a straightforward route to generating photons, however additional nonlinear processes may come into play and interfere with these sources. Here we analyse spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) sources in the presence of multi-photon processes. We conduct experiments in silicon and gallium indium phosphide photonic crystal waveguides which display inherently different nonlinear absorption processes, namely two-photon (TPA) and three-photon absorption (ThPA), respectively. We develop a novel model capturing these diverse effects which is in excellent quantitative agreement with measurements of brightness, coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) and second-order correlation function g((2))(0), showing that TPA imposes an intrinsic limit on heralded single photon sources. We build on these observations to devise a new metric, the quantum utility (QMU), enabling further optimisation of single photon sources.