Quantum software and quantum cloud

Tirthak Patel, Aditya Ranjan, Daniel Silver +3 more

Recent quantum software engineering efforts have made significant progress in testing and debugging quantum algorithms -however, providing confidentiality and privacy to quantum software in the cloud remains an unexplored critical area.OpaQue is the first solution to obfuscate quantum software and output to prevent the leaking of confidential information over the cloud.OpaQue implements a lightweight, scalable, and effective solution based on the unique principles of quantum computing to achieve this task.

José A. Cruz-Lemus, Manuel Serrano

Leonie Mueck

Corey O’Meara, Marina Fernández-Campoamor, G. Cortiana +1 more

Applied quantum computing research has often focused on determining business-driven use-cases and applications of quantum algorithms which may provide advantage, either runtime or solution quality, over their classical counterparts. Often missed, yet equally important, is the discussion on how to actually run quantum software applications or models in a production environment where they run in an event-based or scheduled manner thereby providing the results to the enterprise which has spent time upskilling their development team and developing the quantum software solution.In this paper, we introduce a hybrid classical-quantum cloud architecture blueprint which starts from the code-level software development level, and extends to the production-ready quantum software application level. We then, for the first time, introduce a novel sample optimization application used in the energy industry for Peer-2-Peer energy trading and deploy it using the proposed cloud architecture blueprint. We demonstrate sample output of the live-running application where trading optimizations occurs on an hourly basis via remote connection to a quantum computing cloud backend.

A. V. Korol’kov, A. A. Kryuchkov

Objectives . The absence of error-resistant quantum computers, coupled with the challenges associated with providing unrestricted and fully operational physical access to cloud quantum computing systems, prompts a critical examination of the necessity to develop universal and independent methods for evaluating and verifying cloud quantum computers. A promising approach involves evaluating the capabilities of a quantum computer in relation to its effectiveness in addressing specific challenges encountered in the assessment of information security systems. A potential test for ascertaining the performance and computational quality of a quantum computing device (QCD) is based on a model designed to generate a random binary sequence. By analyzing this sequence, insights can be obtained into the accuracy and reliability of the quantum register under study. The paper presents a software program developed for simulating the operation of a quantum random number generator. Methods . The software implementation for interacting with cloud quantum computers was performed using the Qiskit open-source software kit. The graphical user interface of the software package was developed using a Qt5 crossplatform set of tools and widgets for creating applications. The analysis of the generated binary sequence was performed using a set of statistical tests NIST STS 2 . Results . The developed software package provides users with a graphical interface for conducting an analysis of a cloud QCD to identify the optimal and most error-resistant set of qubits. The findings from experiments conducted on three cloud quantum computing devices are reported. Conclusions . The proposed approach, which is constrained by limitations of computing power and duration of access to cloud-based QCD, imposes minimal demands on the productive capabilities of the quantum system. It offers clear and unequivocally interpretable insights into the technical characteristics of a cloud quantum computer, while also being reproducible, easily scalable, and universally applicable.

Guido Peterssen, José Luis Hevia, Mario G. Piattini