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Optics Express

High-speed secure key distribution based on chaos synchronization in optically pumped QD spin-polarized VCSELs

Yu Huang, Pei Zhou, Nianqiang Li

Published May 29, 2021• 46 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose and numerically demonstrate a high-speed secure key distribution (SKD) based on polarization-keying chaos synchronization in two quantum dot (QD) spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) without any external feedback. In this scheme, high-quality chaos synchronization can be obtained when the response lasers have the same polarization ellipticity. The proposed SKD scheme is benefited from the feasible tunability of the pump polarization ellipticity, and no other complex components are necessary. Moreover, the open-loop configuration is constructed in the commonly driven lasers and results in a short synchronization recovery time of hundreds of picoseconds, which is much shorter than that in most previous reports. Combined with these merits, a 1.34 Gb/s SKD with a bit error ratio lower than 3.8 × 10 −3 can be achieved. The current study provides a new way to realize high-speed physical key distribution.

DOI
10.1364/oe.426126

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We propose and numerically demonstrate a high-speed secure key distribution (SKD) based on polarization-keying chaos synchronization in two quantum dot (QD) spin-polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) without any external feedback. In this scheme, high-quality chaos synchronization can be obtained when the response lasers have the same polarization ellipticity. The proposed SKD scheme is benefited from the feasible tunability of the pump polarization ellipticity, and no other complex components are necessary. Moreover, the open-loop configuration is constructed in the commonly driven lasers and results in a short synchronization recovery time of hundreds of picoseconds, which is much shorter than that in most previous reports. Combined with these merits, a 1.34 Gb/s SKD with a bit error ratio lower than 3.8 × 10 −3 can be achieved. The current study provides a new way to realize high-speed physical key distribution.
We propose a secure key distribution (SKD) based on local polarization modulation driven by optical chaos in a reciprocal fiber link. A robust error-free SKD with a key generation rate of 4.3 Gbit/s over transmission of 10-km standard single-mode fiber is experimentally demonstrated. A chaotic laser system shared by legitimate users serves as an external wideband entropy source. The polarization reciprocity of the fiber channel provides fundamental safety against eavesdropping. The robustness of SKD resulted from local chaotic polarization modulation is also theoretically analyzed and then verified by practical performance. The proposed scheme is an alternative SKD strategy with high speed and strong security.
Abstract High-speed physical key distribution is diligently pursued for secure communication. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a scheme of high-speed key distribution using mode-shift keying chaos synchronization between two multi-longitudinal-mode Fabry–Perot lasers commonly driven by a super-luminescent diode. Legitimate users dynamically select one of the longitudinal modes according to private control codes to achieve mode-shift keying chaos synchronization. The two remote chaotic light waveforms are quantized to generate two raw random bit streams, and then those bits corresponding to chaos synchronization are sifted as shared keys by comparing the control codes. In this method, the transition time, i.e., the chaos synchronization recovery time is determined by the rising time of the control codes rather than the laser transition response time, so the key distribution rate is improved greatly. Our experiment achieved a 0.75-Gbit/s key distribution rate with a bit error rate of 3.8 × 10 −3 over 160-km fiber transmission with dispersion compensation. The entropy rate of the laser chaos is evaluated as 16 Gbit/s, which determines the ultimate final key rate together with the key generation ratio. It is therefore believed that the method pays a way for Gbit/s physical key distribution.
We propose and numerically demonstrate a new scheme for key distribution on the physical layer based on the chaos synchronization and physical random bit generation. In this scheme, two chaotic semiconductor lasers are commonly driven by a third semiconductor laser, their output chaotic signals are employed as the physical sources of the random bit generators (RBGs). Under symmetry operation scenario, the two RBGs are well synchronized and the random bits generated by them are used to generate identical secret keys for Alice and Bob by the way of a dynamic post-processing technology. The feasibility and security of the proposed scheme are investigated by testing the parameters mismatch tolerance and the sensitivity to the systematic noise. The numerical results indicate that the dynamic and unpredictable post-processing can provide a great enhancement for the security of the secret key distribution. The security of the proposed scheme mainly determined by the post-processing, not confidential source, which provides a new potential way for implementing high-speed secure secret key distribution.
Secure key distribution based on chaos synchronization has attracted more and more attention due to its high-speed and multi-dimensional security. However, the distribution rate is constrained by the synchronization recovery time, remaining lower than the requirements of modern communication systems. Here, we proposed and simulated a parallel key distribution scheme based on injection-wavelength-shift keying chaos synchronization of Fabry-Pérot lasers. Synchronization can be achieved when the wavelengths of the injection signals are the same. The linewidth of the injection signal covers two modes of the Fabry-Pérot lasers, and then two single-mode laser signals can be generated through the subsequent single-mode filtering to be used as independent entropy sources. The random key sequences extracted from the single-mode signals are theoretically consistent when synchronized, thus the parallel secure key distribution is realized. Moreover, the Fabry-Pérot lasers are not equipped with a feedback loop, so the synchronization recovery time is only around 150 ps. Due to the benefits of the parallel key distribution and the shortened synchronization recovery time, the distribution rate is increased to 670.97 Mbit/s under the same-frequency extraction method and to 7.64 Gbit/s under the frequency-multiplication extraction method. This scheme provides a candidate for higher-speed physical key distribution.
High speed physical secure key distribution in a classical optical fiber channel is unprecedentedly desired for modern secure communication, but it still remains a worldwide technical challenge. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel high-speed physical secure key distribution scheme based on chaotic optical signal processing and private hardware modules, which employs chaotic self-carrier phase modulation for chaotic bandwidth expansion and time-delayed shift keying of commonly driven synchronized optical chaos for physical layer security. In this scheme, the entropy source rate of synchronized chaos output from two remote response lasers is greatly expanded by chaotic self-carrier delayed nonlinear phase disturbance, which facilitates high speed key extraction from the entropy source with guaranteed randomness. Moreover, a synchronization recovery time of sub-nanosecond is achieved by dynamic keying of the chaotic delay time after chaos synchronization to accelerate the key distribution rate. Based on the proposed scheme, a high physical key distribution rate of 2.1 Gb/s over 40 km is successfully demonstrated in the experiment. The proposed solution provides a promising strategy for future high-speed key distribution based on chaotic optical signal processing and classical fiber channel.