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Spectral dynamics of multi-mode dye lasers and single-atom absorption

J. Sierks, T. Latz, Valery M. Baev, P. E. Toschek

Published Jul 14, 1996• 5 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Multi-mode lasers have evaded satisfactory modelling for their seeming complexity. However, they may serve as sensitive detectors of intracavity spectral absorption [1]. This sensitivity is limited by nonlinear coupling of the laser modes effected by stimulated light scattering of Brillouin (SBS) or thermal Rayleigh (STRS) type [2], or via periodic saturation (“population pulsations”, PP), in the gain medium.

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Multi-mode lasers have evaded satisfactory modelling for their seeming complexity. However, they may serve as sensitive detectors of intracavity spectral absorption [1]. This sensitivity is limited by nonlinear coupling of the laser modes effected by stimulated light scattering of Brillouin (SBS) or thermal Rayleigh (STRS) type [2], or via periodic saturation (“population pulsations”, PP), in the gain medium.
Abstract : Preliminary experiments were conducted whose ultimate goal is to develop all-optical control functions useful in an all-optical or optical- electronic hybrid digital computer or for optical interconnects. Stimulated thermal Rayleigh scattering (STRS) based upon generator experiments was pursued for scattering angles of 90 deg and 180 deg (backscattering). A pulsed nitrogen laser pumped dye laser served as the radiation source and the interaction medium was a liquid to which an absorbing dye was added. STRS amplifier experiments were successful and gain was observed and studied parametrically using eosine dye in ethanol. The gain was found to increase (although the gain coefficient decreased) with increasing pump power and the gain was found to be a maximum at an absorption coefficient of about 2.6 per cm. The generator experiments did not lead to stimulated scattering due to the limited output power of the laser and its multi-longitudinal spectral mode content. These studies will be continued along with analytical modeling in order to characterize the interaction and to enable the optimization of the scattering process.
The spectral and temporal dynamics of a multimode dye laser has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The analytical model includes quantum fluctuations as well as four-wave mixingdue to population pulsations, stimulated Brillouin scattering, and Rayleigh scattering both in a standing-wave linear laser, and in a unidirectional ring laser. The nonlinearity found most important in the multimode dye laser is four-wave mixing due to pulsations of the populationof the upper laser level. Numerical simulations show features that characterize this particular type of mode coupling: broadening of the emission spectrum, oscillations of the light flux in individual laser modes, suppression of certain beat notes. Observations of these features confirm population pulsations dominating the laser dynamics. Four-wave mixing due to population pulsations tends to arrange the phases of the laser modes such as to minimize the pulsations and to limit its own strength.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering in the dye jet inside a linear laser cavity has been investigated and found to be of significant importance for the dynamical behavior of multimode cw dye lasers. At high spectral power densities, it is responsible for a strong coupling of thousands of individual modes into a few mode packets, thus drastically reducing the number of actually existing degrees of freedom of the system. For a decreasing spectral power density, the mode-coupling strength due to stimulated Brillouin scattering lowers, accompanied by an increase of the number of mode packets. At low spectral power densities, additional mode-coupling mechanisms are supposed to account for a stepwise reduction of the number of independently oscillating mode packets. As an interesting application, the spectroscopic technique of intracavity optical-optical double resonance is discussed and demonstrated.