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Optics Express

Heralded high-fidelity quantum hyper-CNOT gates assisted by charged quantum dots inside single-sided optical microcavities

Yu‐Hong Han, Cong Cao, Ling Fan, Ru Zhang

Published Jun 3, 2021• 41 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photonic hyper-parallel quantum information processing (QIP) can simplify the quantum circuit and improve the information-processing speed, as well as reduce the quantum resource consumption and suppress the photonic dissipation noise. Here, utilizing the singly charged semiconductor quantum dot (QD) inside single-sided optical microcavity as the potentially experimental platform, we propose five schemes for heralded four-qubit hyper-controlled-not (hyper-CNOT) gates, covering all cases of four-qubit hyper-CNOT gates operated on both the polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom (DoFs) of a two-photon system. The novel heralding mechanism improves the fidelity of each hyper-CNOT gate to unity in principle without the strict restriction of strong coupling. The adaptability and scalability of the schemes make the hyper-CNOT gates more accessible under current experimental technologies. These heralded high-fidelity photonic hyper-CNOT gates can therefore have immense utilization potentials in high-capacity quantum communication and fast quantum computing, which are of far-reaching significance for QIP.

DOI
10.1364/oe.426325

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Zhongguo kexue. Wulixue Lixue Tianwenxue•Oct 14, 2022•1 citation
Photonic hyper-parallel quantum information processing (QIP) can simplify the quantum circuit and improve the information-processing speed, as well as reduce the quantum resource consumption and suppress the photonic dissipation noise. Here, utilizing the singly charged semiconductor quantum dot (QD) inside single-sided optical microcavity as the potentially experimental platform, we propose five schemes for heralded four-qubit hyper-controlled-not (hyper-CNOT) gates, covering all cases of four-qubit hyper-CNOT gates operated on both the polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom (DoFs) of a two-photon system. The novel heralding mechanism improves the fidelity of each hyper-CNOT gate to unity in principle without the strict restriction of strong coupling. The adaptability and scalability of the schemes make the hyper-CNOT gates more accessible under current experimental technologies. These heralded high-fidelity photonic hyper-CNOT gates can therefore have immense utilization potentials in high-capacity quantum communication and fast quantum computing, which are of far-reaching significance for QIP.
Abstract Photonic hyper-parallel quantum gates play a critical role in high-capacity quantum communication and fast quantum computing. Here, based on photon scattering in one-dimensional (1D) waveguides, we present some heralded schemes for constructing four-qubit hyper-controlled-not (hyper-CNOT) gates in two-photon systems. The qubits are encoded on both the polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedoms (DOFs) of the photons, which can simplify the quantum circuit and reduce the quantum resource consumption. In our schemes, the faulty scattering events between photons and emitters caused by system imperfections can be filtered out and discarded. That is, our protocols for hyper-CNOT gates work in a heralded way. Our calculations show that, with great progress in the emitter-waveguide systems, our photonic hyper-CNOT gates may be experimentally feasible.
The two or more degrees of freedoms (DOFs) of photon systems are very useful in hyperparallel photonic quantum computing to accomplish more quantum logic gate operations with less resource, and depress photonic dissipation noise in quantum information processing. We present some flexible and adjustable schemes for hybrid hyper-controlled-not (hyper-CNOT) gates assisted by low-Q cavities, on the two-photon systems in both the spatial-mode and the polarization DOFs. These hybrid spatial-polarization hyper-CNOT gates consume less quantum resource and are more robust against photonic dissipation noise, compared with the integration of two cascaded CNOT gates in one DOF. Besides, simultaneous counter-propagation of two photons economize extremely the operation time in the whole process of our schemes. Moreover, these quantum logic gates are more feasible for fast quantum operations in the weak-coupling region of the low-Q cavities with current experimental technology, which are much different from strong-coupling cases of the high-Q ones.
Quantum information networks can transmit quantum states and perform quantum operations between different quantum network nodes, which are essential for various applications of quantum information technology in the future. In this paper, a potentially practical scheme for implementing nonlocal quantum controlled-not (CNOT) gate operations on quantum-dot-confined electron spins between two quantum network nodes is presented. The scheme can realize parallel teleportation of two nonlocal quantum CNOT gates simultaneously by employing hyperentangled photon pairs to establish quantum channel, which can effectively improve the channel capacity and operational speed. The core of the scheme are two kinds of photon-spin hybrid quantum CNOT gate working in a failure-heralded and fidelity-robust fashion. With the heralded mechanism, the nonlocal CNOT gates can be implementated with unity fidelities in principle, even if the particularly ideal conditions commonly used in other schemes are not satisfied strictly. Our analysis and calculations indicate that the scheme can be demonstrated efficiently (with efficiency exceeding 99%) with current or near-future technologies. Moreover, the utilized photon-spin hybrid quantum gates can be regarded as universal modules for many other quantum information processing (QIP) tasks. Therefore, the scheme is potential for constructing elementary quantum networks, and realizing nolocal QIP with high channel capacities, high fidelities, and high efficiencies.
Abstract Although universal quantum computation can be realized with two-qubit controlled-not (CNOT) gates and single-qubit rotations, it would be convenient to have resource-efficient and robust multiqubit quantum gates in practical quantum information processing. Here we present two new schemes to determinately implement three-qubit Toffoli gate and Fredkin gate on photon systems with two degrees of freedom (DOFs), assisted by charged quantum dots (QDs) inside single-sided optical microcavities. In contrast to the traditional Toffoli and Fredkin gates operating in photonic one DOF, the gates presented here with two DOFs can reduce the photon numbers required to implement the gate operations. Compared with the ones synthesized by CNOT and single-qubit gates, the present gates can reduce the complexity in experiment. Our schemes exploit the robust giant circular birefringence induced by a single-electron spin in a QD-cavity system, which do not require photon indistinguishability or photon interference as demanded by other schemes using linear optics. Moreover, additional ancillary photons are not required in the schemes. We discuss the feasibility of our schemes, concluding that they can be realized with current or near-future technologies.
Implementation of controlled-NOT (CNOT) operation between different nodes in a quantum communication network nonlocally plays an important role in distributed quantum computation. We present a protocol for implementation of hyper-parallel nonlocal CNOT operation via hyperentangled photons simultaneously entangled in spatial-mode and polarization degrees of freedom (DOFs) assisted by quantum-dot spin in a double-sided optical microcavity. The agent Alice lets photons traverse the double-sided optical microcavity sequentially and applies single-qubit measurements on the electron and the hyperentangled photon. The agent Bob first performs corresponding unitary operations according to Alice’s measurement results on his hyperentangled photon, and then lets photons traverse the double-sided optical microcavity sequentially and performs the single-qubit measurements on the electron and the hyperentangled photon. The hyper-parallel nonlocal CNOT operation can be implemented simultaneously in spatial-mode and polarization DOFs if Alice performs single-qubit operations in accordance with Bob’s measurement results. The protocol has the advantage of having high channel capacity for long-distance quantum communication by using a hyperentangled state as the quantum channel.
Implementing three-qubit Toffoli gates nonlocally plays an important role in quantum communication networks and distributed quantum computation. Most of previous protocols for implementing quantum Toffolis gate consider only implementing Toffoli gates with one degree of freedom. In this paper, we present a scheme for parallel implementation of nonlocal Toffoli gates in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom assisted by quantum dots inside a double-side optical microcavity. Alice and Bob let photons traverse the double-side optical microcavity sequentially and perform single-particle measurements on electron spin in quantum dots and the entangled photons. Charlie performs single-particle measurements and applies the corresponding unitary operation in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom according to Alice and Bob’s measurement results. Alice and Bob can implement hyper-parallel nonlocal Toffoli gates by performing unitary operations according to Charlie’s measurement result. This protocol has the advantage of having high channel capacity by the hyperentangled state as the quantum channel.