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Optics and Lasers in Engineering

Security enhanced cascaded phase encoding based on a 3D phase retrieval algorithm

Mingguang Shan, Lei Liu, Bin Liu, Zhi Zhong

Published May 8, 2021• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optlaseng.2021.106662

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An improved encoding approach to multiple-image optical encryption based on a cascaded phase retrieval algorithm (CPRA) is proposed. The system consists of several stages of a standard 4-f correlator, in which the keys are not only the phase mask pairs produced by CPRA but also the phase distribution of the output plane of the front stage. The security and the capacity of the system are also discussed. Results indicate that the system can resist known-plaintext attack to some extent, and the encrypted capacity is considerably enhanced. Computer simulations have proved the validity of the proposed idea. The system can be implemented using a pure optical architecture.
As a typical technology for optical encryption, phase retrieval algorithms have been widely used in optical information encryption and authentication systems. This paper presents three applications of two-dimensional (2D) phase retrieval for optical encryption and authentication: first, a hierarchical image encryption system, by which multiple images can be hidden into cascaded multiple phase masks; second, a multilevel image authentication system, which combines (t, n) threshold secret sharing (both t and n are positive integers, and t ≤ n ) and phase retrieval, and provides both high-level and low-level authentication; and finally, a hierarchical multilevel authentication system that combines the secret sharing scheme based on basic vector operations and the phase retrieval, by which more certification images can be encoded into multiple cascaded phase masks of different hierarchical levels. These three phase retrieval algorithms can effectively illustrate phase-retrieval-based optical information security. The principles and features of each phase-retrieval-based optical security method are analyzed and discussed. It is hoped that this review will illustrate the current development of phase retrieval algorithms for optical information security and will also shed light on the future development of phase retrieval algorithms for optical information security.
A novel hierarchical image encryption system based on cascaded multiple-phase retrieval by an iterative Fresnel-transform algorithm is proposed. In this method a series of phase masks cascaded in free space is employed to retrieve different target hidden images in their corresponding hierarchical levels. It can realize different levels of accessibility to the secret data for different authority levels with the same system, and the higher level authority can get access to more hidden images. This approach can achieve fast convergence and high quality of the recovered images without any recognizable cross-talk noise or distortion, and the security level of this system is further enhanced by the use of a series of supplemental keys such as the orders of cascaded phase masks and the geometrical parameters in addition to all the iterated phase masks as principal keys. The feasibility of this method and its unique features are verified and analysed by computer simulations.