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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Laser annealing for two-qubit gate error reduction in fixed frequency processor architectures

Eric Zhang, Srikanth J. Srinivasan, Neereja Sundaresan, Daniela F. Bogorin, Y. Martin, Jared Hertzberg, John Timmerwilke, Emily Pritchett, Jeng-Bang Yau, Xinhui Wang, W. Landers, Eric P. Lewandowski, Adinath Narasgond, Sami Rosenblatt, George Keefe, Isaac Lauer, Mary Beth Rothwell, Oliver Dial, Jason S. Orcutt, Markus Brink, Jerry M. Chow

Published Mar 15, 2021• 0 citations
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Scaling the number of qubits while maintaining high-fidelity quantum gates remains a key challenge for quantum computing. Presently, superconducting quantum processors with >50 qubits are actively available. For these systems, fixed-frequency transmons are attractive because of their long coherence and noise immunity. However, scaling fixed-frequency architectures proves challenging because of precise relative frequency requirements. Here, we use laser annealing to selectively tune transmon qubits into desired frequency patterns. Statistics over hundreds of annealed qubits demonstrate an empirical tuning precision of 18.5 MHz, with no measurable impact on qubit coherence. We quantify gate error statistics on a tuned 65-qubit processor, with median two-qubit gate fidelity of 98.7%. Baseline tuning statistics yield a frequency-equivalent resistance precision of 4.7 MHz, sufficient for high-yield scaling beyond 10 3 qubit levels. Moving forward, we anticipate selective laser annealing to play a central role in scaling fixed-frequency architectures.
Scaling the number of qubits while maintaining high-fidelity quantum gates remains a key challenge for quantum computing. Presently, superconducting quantum processors with >50-qubits are actively available. For such systems, fixed-frequency transmons are attractive due to their long coherence and noise immunity. However, scaling fixed-frequency architectures proves challenging due to precise relative frequency requirements. Here we employ laser annealing to selectively tune transmon qubits into desired frequency patterns. Statistics over hundreds of annealed qubits demonstrate an empirical tuning precision of 18.5 MHz, with no measurable impact on qubit coherence. We quantify gate error statistics on a tuned 65-qubit processor, with median two-qubit gate fidelity of 98.7%. Baseline tuning statistics yield a frequency-equivalent resistance precision of 4.7 MHz, sufficient for high-yield scaling beyond 1000-qubit levels. Moving forward, we anticipate selective laser annealing to play a central role in scaling fixed-frequency architectures.
Currently, superconducting qubit processors are bottlenecked by errors during two-qubit gates, readout, and idle time. All three error contributions could be reduced if we improved the speed of operations (without introducing additional leakage errors) compared to the qubit lifetime. Readout and two-qubit gates are multimode interactions and therefore are limited by the coupling strength between the modes. In this thesis, we introduce a two-mode superconducting qubit which uses one mode to facilitate strong coupling to other modes of the quantum processor and one mode to store data with high coherence. Simulations show that this architecture could enable order-of-magnitude reductions in error during readout and two-qubit gates.