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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Spectral phase coherence in HOM interferometry

Navin B. Lingaraju, Hsuan‐Hao Lu, Suparna Seshadri, Poolad Imany, Daniel E. Leaird, Joseph M. Lukens, Andrew M. Weiner

Published Jan 1, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We examine the role of spectral phase in Hong-Ou-Mandel interference by comparing interferograms for pure and mixed states. We find that HOM interference cannot be taken as a signature of coherent frequency superpositions.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2019.jtu3a.5

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The Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer is a versatile tool for analyzing the joint properties of photon pairs, relying on a truly quantum interference effect between two-photon probability amplitudes. While the theory behind this form of two-photon interferometry is well established, the development of advanced photon sources and exotic two-photon states has highlighted the importance of quantifying precisely what information can and cannot be inferred from features in a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference trace. Here we examine Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with regard to a particular class of states, so-called quantum frequency combs, and place special emphasis on the role spectral phase plays in these measurements. We find that this form of two-photon interferometry is insensitive to the relative phase between different comb line pairs. This is true even when different comb line pairs are mutually coherent at the input of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer and the fringe patterns display sharp temporal features. Consequently, Hong-Ou-Mandel interference cannot speak to the presence of high-dimensional frequency-bin entanglement in two-photon quantum frequency combs.
This article is a detailed introduction to Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference, in which two photons interfere on a beamsplitter in a way that depends on the photons' distinguishability. We begin by considering distinguishability in the polarization degree of freedom. We then consider spectral distinguishability, and show explicitly how to calculate the HOM dip for three interesting cases: 1) photons with arbitrary spectral distributions, 2) spectrally entangled photons, and 3) spectrally mixed photons.
The frequency degree-of-freedom, being compatible with well-developed omnipresent optical telecommunication infrastructure, allows for stable, controllable and scalable encoding of quantum information [1] . The HOM effect between independent photons, as a central building block to, e.g., quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping, has been mainly employed within the spatial domain [2] . A key element yet missing to enable scalable and thus real-world frequency-based implementation of quantum computation and non-classical communication, is the demonstration of Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference between independently created photons of different frequencies. To date, spectral bosonic HOM interference between single photons, produced out of the same continuous-wave (cw)-excited spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) process has been demonstrated [3] , which however does not allow scalability due to the spectral impurity inherent to the proposed approach.
Abstract Since its initial discovery, Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interference has been a key tool in quantum-optical experiments, being at the basis of several quantum technology applications as well as being a relevant characterisation method for the quality of single photon sources. In the context of quantum interferometry, further applications can be enabled by improving the capability of tailoring such effect. Here, we report a proof-of-principle experiment on a novel HOM control approach, based on spectrally shaping photons generated by parametric down conversion sources. By means of a pulse shaper operating on the pump beam in the Fourier plane, selected frequencies can be cut off from the down conversion process, therefore shaping the HOM interference profile. We finally discuss the obtained results towards employing the method for practical application in interferometry.