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Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Linear Stark effect in Y3Al5O12:Tm3+ crystal and its application in the addressable quantum memory protocol

Mansur M. Minnegaliev, K. I. Gerasimov, R. V. Urmancheev, Aleksei M. Zheltikov, Sergey A. Moiseev

Published May 18, 2021• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report an observation of the linear Stark effect in a ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{3}{\mathrm{Al}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ crystal with the distribution of the Stark coefficient over the ion ensemble. We associate this effect with local lattice distortions near the positions of ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}$ ions. Using this effect, the addressable storage of a series of weak light pulses in a cavity-assisted scheme of the revival of silenced echo quantum memory protocol is implemented. In this memory scheme, we also demonstrate storage of a light pulse on the few photon level. The application of an optical resonator makes it possible to increase the memory efficiency in this crystal and to reduce the minimal number of photons in the input signal pulse to 5.6 for the signal-to-noise ratio of 1 in the retrieved echo pulse. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The possible ways of the further improvement of the implemented memory scheme are also discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.103.174110

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We report an observation of the linear Stark effect in a Tm3+:Y3Al5O12{\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{3}{\mathrm{Al}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}Tm3+:Y3​Al5​O12​ crystal with the distribution of the Stark coefficient over the ion ensemble. We associate this effect with local lattice distortions near the positions of Tm3+{\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}Tm3+ ions. Using this effect, the addressable storage of a series of weak light pulses in a cavity-assisted scheme of the revival of silenced echo quantum memory protocol is implemented. In this memory scheme, we also demonstrate storage of a light pulse on the few photon level. The application of an optical resonator makes it possible to increase the memory efficiency in this crystal and to reduce the minimal number of photons in the input signal pulse to 5.6 for the signal-to-noise ratio of 1 in the retrieved echo pulse. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The possible ways of the further improvement of the implemented memory scheme are also discussed.
We observed a linear DC Stark effect for 3H6 – 3H4 optical transition of Tm3+ ions in Y3Al5O12. We observed that application of electric field pulse suppresses the two-pulse photon echo signal. If we then apply a second electric pulse of opposite polarity the echo signal is restored again, which indicates the linear nature of the observed effect. The effect is present despite the D2 symmetry of the Tm3+ sites that prohibits a linear Stark effect. Experimental data analysis shows that the observed electric field influence can be attributed to defects that break the local crystal field symmetry near Tm3+ ions. Using this effect we demonstrate selective retrieval of light pulses in two-pulse photon echo.
We demonstrated quantum memory scheme on revival of silenced echo in orthogonal geometry in Tm3+: Y3Al5O12 crystal. The retrieval efficiency of ∼14% was demonstrated with the 36 µs storage time. In this scheme for the first time we also implemented a suppression of the revived echo signal by applying an external electric field and the echo signal has been recovered on demand if we then applied a second electric pulse with opposite polarity. This technique opens the possibilities for realizing addressing in multi-qubit quantum memory in Tm3+: Y3Al5O12 crystal.
The protocol of optical quantum memory in the revival of silenced photon echo (ROSE) scheme is experimentally implemented in a Tm 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystal ( c = 0.1 at.%) placed in an impedance-matched optical Fabry–Perot resonator. The input signal recovery efficiency of ∼21 % is achieved for a light pulse with a storage time of 36 μs. The main sources of loss and their impact on the achieved quantum efficiency are discussed, as well as the advantages of the implemented scheme and the possibilities of the further improvement of the main parameters of quantum memory.
A quantum memory protocol has been implemented on the basis of the revival of silenced echo (ROSE) in the 167Er3+:Y2SiO5 crystal at the telecommunication wavelength for input light fields with a small number of photons. An efficiency of storage of 44% has been reached at a storage time of 40 μs. The input pulse contains ~340 photons on average, the reconstructed echo signal includes ~150 photons, and the signal-to-noise ratio is 4. It has been shown that the main source of noise is the spontaneous emission of atoms remaining in the excited state because the parameters of two rephasing pulses are imperfect. Methods of increasing the signal-to-noise ratio for the implementation of the efficient quantum memory for single-photon fields have been discussed.
We experimentally realize a quantum-memory protocol based on retrieval of silenced echo (ROSE) in Tm 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 crystal in an orthogonal geometry of the signal and control light fields. The silenced echo signal revival efficiency of ~13% with 36 μs storage time is demonstrated. To achieve that we implemented a high-precision atomic coherence control via amplitude- and phase-modulated laser pulses. We also discuss capabilities of this configuration, ways to increase quantum efficiency and to combine it with a single-mode optical cavity.